{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T10:11:38Z","timestamp":1792145498220,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620604800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic exposure to arsenic has been reported as a risk factor for nonmelanoma skin cancer, notably squamous cell carcinoma. However, current knowledge is limited about the association between arsenic exposure and melanoma. Our objectives were to (1) measure the association between total urinary arsenic levels and melanoma compared with nonmelanoma skin cancer and no cancer and (2) analyze the association between water source and melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We collected cross-sectional data from the 2003-2016 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. To evaluate the possible association of skin cancer with source of tap water, we calculated odds ratios for participants with melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer, compared with participants with no cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>White race, higher education, higher socioeconomic status, and smoking history were associated with melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer in the full study population. After adjusting for age and race\/ethnicity, the adjusted odds ratio of participants with &gt;50 \u03bcg\/L of total urinary arsenic for melanoma or nonmelanoma skin cancer was 1.87 (95% CI, 0.58-6.05) and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.12-4.45) times higher compared with no cancer, respectively. Participants with nonmelanoma skin cancer had 2.06 increased odds of reporting a nonmunicipal water source compared with participants without cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We did not find a relationship between the incidence of melanoma and exposure to arsenic among US adults. Nonmunicipal water sources were associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer and should be further investigated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549211008886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]],"date-time":"2021-05-10T23:25:17Z","timestamp":1620689117000},"page":"548-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Arsenic Exposure and Melanoma Among US Adults Aged 20 or Older, 2003-2016"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3897-1112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Bedaiwi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Wysong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor G.","family":"Rogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dillon","family":"Clarey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Arcari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549211008886","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. What are basal and squamous cell skin cancers? Updated July 26, 2019. Accessed January 16, 2021. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/skin-cancer\/prevention-and-early-detection\/what-is-skin-cancer.html"},{"key":"bibr2-00333549211008886","unstructured":"Skin Cancer Foundation. Melanoma overview: a dangerous skin cancer. Updated May 2020. Accessed January 16, 2021. https:\/\/www.skincancer.org\/skin-cancer-information\/melanoma"},{"key":"bibr3-00333549211008886","unstructured":"Skin Cancer Foundation. Skin cancer facts & statistics: what you need to know. Updated January 2021. Accessed January 16, 2021. https:\/\/www.skincancer.org\/skin-cancer-information\/skin-cancer-facts"},{"key":"bibr4-00333549211008886","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. What is melanoma skin cancer? Updated August 14, 2019. Accessed January 16, 2021. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/melanoma-skin-cancer\/about\/what-is-melanoma.html"},{"key":"bibr5-00333549211008886","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. United States cancer statistics: data visualizations. Updated June 2020. Accessed January 16, 2021. https:\/\/gis.cdc.gov\/Cancer\/USCS\/DataViz.html"},{"key":"bibr6-00333549211008886","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. Arsenic and cancer risk. Updated August 5, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/cancer-causes\/arsenic.html"},{"key":"bibr7-00333549211008886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.119.009018"},{"key":"bibr8-00333549211008886","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Arsenic. February 15, 2018. Accessed January 18, 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/arsenic"},{"key":"bibr9-00333549211008886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2015.09.016"},{"key":"bibr10-00333549211008886","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency. Basic information about your drinking water. Updated December 19, 2018. Accessed January 18, 2021. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/ground-water-and-drinking-water\/basic-information-about-your-drinking-water"},{"key":"bibr11-00333549211008886","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking water requirements for states and public water systems: chemical contaminant rules. Accessed January 18, 2021. https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/dwreginfo\/chemical-contaminant-rules"},{"key":"bibr12-00333549211008886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh267"},{"key":"bibr13-00333549211008886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653-015-9770-4"},{"key":"bibr14-00333549211008886","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Updated September 15, 2017. Accessed January 18, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes\/about_nhanes.htm"},{"key":"bibr15-00333549211008886","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NHANES questionnaires, datasets, and related documentation. Updated August 4, 2020. Accessed January 18, 2021. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nhanes"},{"key":"bibr16-00333549211008886","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. 2015-2016 Data documentation, codebook, and frequencies. Arsenic\u2014Total\u2014Urine (UTAS_I). Accessed January 18, 2021. https:\/\/wwwn.cdc.gov\/Nchs\/Nhanes\/2015-2016\/UTAS_I.htm"},{"key":"bibr17-00333549211008886","unstructured":"Minnesota Department of Health. Biomonitoring and arsenic. Accessed January 19, 2021. https:\/\/data.web.health.state.mn.us\/biomonitoring_arsenic#"},{"key":"bibr18-00333549211008886","unstructured":"Johnson CL., Paulose-Ram R., Ogden CL et al. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: analytic guidelines, 1999-2010. September 2013. Accessed January 19, 2021. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/21305"},{"key":"bibr19-00333549211008886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10623"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr20-00333549211008886","first-page":"206","volume":"24","author":"Knobeloch LM.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"bibr21-00333549211008886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.10096"},{"key":"bibr22-00333549211008886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1206178"},{"key":"bibr23-00333549211008886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/153.6.559"},{"key":"bibr24-00333549211008886","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4678362"},{"key":"bibr25-00333549211008886","unstructured":"US Environmental Protection Agency. Potential well water contaminants and their impacts. Updated January 7, 2021. 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