{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T18:29:00Z","timestamp":1789669740813,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1_suppl","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005268","name":"Center for Mental Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SM061107-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SM061107-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact of posttraumatic cognitions on the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) is understudied among children and adolescents who have experienced commercial sexual exploitation\/trafficking (CSE\/T). The objectives of this study were to (1) explore posttraumatic cognitions among help-seeking young people aged 11-19 who have experienced CSE\/T; (2) determine whether experiencing direct violence, witnessing violence, polyvictimization (ie, multiple exposures to different categories of potentially traumatic events), or demographic characteristics differentially affect whether these young people meet clinical criteria for posttraumatic cognitions using established cutoffs; and (3) explore associations between posttraumatic cognitions and PTSS among young people who have experienced CSE\/T.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a secondary analysis of a baseline cross-sectional survey of 110 young people with substantiated CSE\/T experiences who started trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (mean [SD] age = 15.8 [1.5]) from August 1, 2013, through March 31, 2020, in a southeastern US state. We used descriptive statistics, adjusted modified Poisson regression, and adjusted linear regression to test study objectives.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-seven of 110 (51.8%) young people aged 11-19 met clinical criteria for posttraumatic cognitions. Increased age and a greater number of trauma categories experienced were significantly associated with meeting clinical criteria for posttraumatic cognitions. On average, higher posttraumatic cognition scores were associated with higher PTSS scores, controlling for demographic characteristics (\u03b2 = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.64-1.26).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the importance of assessing comprehensive trauma history and PTSS of young people who have experienced CSE\/T, with added usefulness of measuring cognitive appraisals to inform a therapeutic treatment plan. Measuring cognitive appraisals that may influence PTSS and therapeutic success can ensure an effective public health response for this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549211041552","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T09:14:31Z","timestamp":1656666871000},"page":"91S-101S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Posttraumatic Cognitions and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among Young People Who Have Experienced Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Trafficking"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"137","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8912-7731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth W.","family":"Perry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa C.","family":"Osborne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"NaeHyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Kinnish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgia Center for Child Advocacy, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon R.","family":"Self-Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Mark Chaffin Center for Healthy Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549211041552","unstructured":"Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2013, HR 898, 113th Congress (2013)."},{"key":"bibr2-00333549211041552","unstructured":"Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Commercial sexual exploitation of children. Accessed April 5, 2021. https:\/\/ojjdp.ojp.gov\/programs\/commercial-sexual-exploitation-children"},{"key":"bibr3-00333549211041552","volume-title":"Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States","author":"Wright Clayton E.","year":"2013"},{"key":"bibr4-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-040119-094335"},{"key":"bibr5-00333549211041552","unstructured":"International Labour Organization. Commercial sexual exploitation of children. Accessed March 29, 2021. https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/ipec\/areas\/CSEC\/lang-en\/index.htm"},{"key":"bibr6-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002437"},{"key":"bibr7-00333549211041552","unstructured":"International Labour Organization, Walk Free Foundation.\n                      Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage\n                      . International Labour Office, Walk Free Foundation, International Organization for Migration; 2017. Accessed April 5, 2021. http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/-dgreports\/-dcomm\/documents\/publication\/wcms_575479.pdf"},{"key":"bibr8-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260514555133"},{"key":"bibr9-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.173229"},{"key":"bibr10-00333549211041552","volume-title":"Research to Action: Sexually Exploited Minors (SEM) Needs and Strengths","author":"Basson D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr11-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-019-00065-z"},{"key":"bibr12-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.2018.1432555"},{"key":"bibr13-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0192321"},{"key":"bibr14-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000557"},{"key":"bibr15-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20444"},{"key":"bibr16-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490050305"},{"key":"bibr17-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732314557087"},{"key":"bibr18-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2019.09.021"},{"key":"bibr19-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2317"},{"key":"bibr20-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2016.01.010"},{"key":"bibr21-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13101"},{"key":"bibr22-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22372"},{"key":"bibr23-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01995.x"},{"key":"bibr24-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00123-0"},{"key":"bibr25-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22157"},{"key":"bibr26-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2015.1043065"},{"key":"bibr27-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2010.05.002"},{"key":"bibr28-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-9985-y"},{"key":"bibr29-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-0030-y"},{"key":"bibr30-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-016-0114-z"},{"key":"bibr31-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10896-013-9559-0"},{"issue":"6","key":"bibr32-00333549211041552","first-page":"91","volume":"90","author":"Greeson JKP.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Welfare"},{"key":"bibr33-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.12.001"},{"key":"bibr34-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2017.09.035"},{"key":"bibr35-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(03)00137-6"},{"key":"bibr36-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200209000-00011"},{"key":"bibr37-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.02004.x"},{"key":"bibr38-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025686"},{"key":"bibr39-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.12.006"},{"key":"bibr40-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.06.008"},{"key":"bibr41-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.11.012"},{"key":"bibr42-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2006.04.010"},{"key":"bibr43-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2019.104132"},{"key":"bibr44-00333549211041552","author":"Self-Brown SR.","journal-title":"Behav Med"},{"key":"bibr45-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22096"},{"key":"bibr46-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-004-0048-2"},{"key":"bibr47-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01995.x"},{"key":"bibr48-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.10.019"},{"key":"bibr49-00333549211041552","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr50-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"bibr51-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124117747303"},{"key":"bibr52-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2017.08.001"},{"key":"bibr53-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260505278720"},{"key":"bibr54-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2015.0676"},{"key":"bibr55-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46138-0_2"},{"key":"bibr56-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13054"},{"key":"bibr57-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.12.002"},{"key":"bibr58-00333549211041552","volume-title":"Trafficking and Exploitative Labor Among Homeless Youth in New Orleans","author":"Murphy LT.","year":"2015"},{"key":"bibr59-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2016.303564"},{"key":"bibr60-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10911359.2012.655583"},{"key":"bibr61-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1079063215603064"},{"key":"bibr62-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08964289.2018.1432552"},{"key":"bibr63-00333549211041552","unstructured":"National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. The issues: child sex trafficking. Risk factors. Published 2021. Accessed April 6, 2021. https:\/\/www.missingkids.org\/theissues\/trafficking#riskfactors"},{"key":"bibr64-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000125"},{"key":"bibr65-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23056"},{"key":"bibr66-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318067e288"},{"key":"bibr67-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21924"},{"key":"bibr68-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRA.0000000000000288"},{"key":"bibr69-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-015-0073-9"},{"key":"bibr70-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2012.01.003"},{"key":"bibr71-00333549211041552","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.04.016"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549211041552","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00333549211041552","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549211041552","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:37:20Z","timestamp":1777628240000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00333549211041552"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1_suppl","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00333549211041552"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549211041552","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}}}