{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T04:22:58Z","timestamp":1785039778471,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Older adults typically experience higher rates of severe disease and mortality than the general population after contracting an infectious disease. Vaccination is critical for preventing disease and severe downstream outcomes; however, vaccination rates among older adults are suboptimal. We assessed predictors associated with pneumococcal and seasonal influenza vaccination among older women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative, a nationwide cohort of women. We ascertained seasonal influenza and pneumococcal vaccination status through a questionnaire administered in 2013. We limited analyses to women aged \u226565 years at questionnaire administration. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between demographic, lifestyle, and health-related factors and vaccination and explored stratification by race.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of participants who responded to each question, 84.3% (n = 60 578) reported being vaccinated for influenza and 85.5% (n = 59 015) for pneumonia. The odds of reporting influenza vaccination were significantly lower among non-Hispanic Black participants than among non-Hispanic White participants (odds ratio [OR] = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.49-0.58), women with no health insurance versus private health insurance (OR = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.54-0.68), and women living in rural versus urban settings (OR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.96). Current smoking, lower education levels, and having comorbid conditions were associated with lower likelihood of being vaccinated for influenza (than not); past pneumonia diagnosis and being currently married were associated with a higher likelihood. We observed similar associations for pneumococcal vaccination coverage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings reinforce the need to enact policy and implement programs to improve access to, education and awareness about, and provider recommendations for these critical disease-prevention tools. Results from our study should guide strategies for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549221081817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T06:25:35Z","timestamp":1647584735000},"page":"281-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Predictors of Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Among Participants in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4186-0790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Fix","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Macarius M.","family":"Donneyong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Outcomes and Translational Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Rapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"},{"name":"Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Sattari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly M.","family":"Snively","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Wactawski-Wende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily W.","family":"Gower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549221081817","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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