{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T12:39:57Z","timestamp":1783946397079,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660953600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6 NU50CK000498-01-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6 NU50CK000498-01-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Understanding COVID-19\u2013related mortality among the large population of people experiencing homelessness (PEH) in Los Angeles County (LA County) may inform public health policies to protect this vulnerable group. We investigated the impact of COVID-19 on PEH compared with the general population in LA County.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We calculated crude COVID-19 mortality rates per 100 000 population and mortality rates adjusted for age, race, and sex\/gender among PEH and compared them with the general population in LA County from March 1, 2020, through February 28, 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among adults aged \u226518 years, the crude mortality rate per 100 000 population among PEH was 20% higher than among the general LA County population (348.7 vs 287.6). After adjusting for age, the mortality rate among PEH was 570.7 per 100 000 population. PEH had nearly twice the risk of dying from COVID-19 as people in the general LA County population; PEH aged 18-29 years had almost 8 times the risk of dying compared with their peers in the general LA County population. PEH had a higher risk of mortality than the general population after adjusting for race (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2-1.6) and sex\/gender (SMR = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A higher risk of COVID-19\u2013related death among PEH compared with the general population indicates the need for public health policies and interventions to protect this vulnerable group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549221115658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T07:08:17Z","timestamp":1660979297000},"page":"1170-1177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["COVID-19 Mortality Rates in Los Angeles County Among People Experiencing Homelessness, March 2020\u2013February 2021"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Alicia H.","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"People Experiencing Homelessness COVID-19 Response Team, Acute Communicable Disease Control Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"People Experiencing Homelessness COVID-19 Response Team, Acute Communicable Disease Control Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea L.","family":"Shover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Greenwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"People Experiencing Homelessness COVID-19 Response Team, Acute Communicable Disease Control Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayodele","family":"Gomih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"People Experiencing Homelessness COVID-19 Response Team, Acute Communicable Disease Control Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"People Experiencing Homelessness COVID-19 Response Team, Acute Communicable Disease Control Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aubrey","family":"Del Rosario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"People Experiencing Homelessness COVID-19 Response Team, Acute Communicable Disease Control Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Padma S.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"People Experiencing Homelessness COVID-19 Response Team, Acute Communicable Disease Control Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Fisher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"People Experiencing Homelessness COVID-19 Response Team, Acute Communicable Disease Control Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Balter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"People Experiencing Homelessness COVID-19 Response Team, Acute Communicable Disease Control Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2234-2533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah K.","family":"Brosnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"People Experiencing Homelessness COVID-19 Response Team, Acute Communicable Disease Control Program, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549221115658","unstructured":"Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority. 2020 Greater Los Angeles homeless count\u2014data summary. Total point-in-time homeless population by geographic areas. 2020. Accessed October 24, 2021. https:\/\/www.lahsa.org\/documents?id=4692-2020-greater-los-angeles-homeless-count-total-point-in-time-homeless-population-by-geographic-areas"},{"key":"bibr2-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1475-6773.12009"},{"key":"bibr3-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073979"},{"key":"bibr4-00333549221115658","author":"O\u2019Connell JJ.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Premature Mortality in Homeless Populations: A Review of the Literature"},{"key":"bibr5-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189938"},{"key":"bibr6-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckw083"},{"key":"bibr7-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.12.20059618"},{"key":"bibr8-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6887"},{"key":"bibr9-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6917e2"},{"key":"bibr10-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1340"},{"key":"bibr11-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab301"},{"key":"bibr12-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100404"},{"key":"bibr13-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp160"},{"key":"bibr14-00333549221115658","unstructured":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health. Recent Trends in Mortality Rates and Causes of Death Among People Experiencing Homelessness in Los Angeles County. 2021. Accessed May 23, 2021. http:\/\/www.publichealth.lacounty.gov\/chie\/reports\/HomelessMortality2020_CHIEBrief_Final.pdf"},{"key":"bibr15-00333549221115658","unstructured":"US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Criteria for defining homelessness and recordkeeping requirements. Published January 2012. Accessed May 23, 2021. https:\/\/files.hudexchange.info\/resources\/documents\/HomelessDefinition_RecordkeepingRequirementsandCriteria.pdf"},{"key":"bibr16-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001344"},{"key":"bibr17-00333549221115658","unstructured":"World Health Organization. International Guidelines for Certification and Classification (Coding) of COVID-19 as Cause of Death. 2020. Accessed October 29, 2021. https:\/\/www.who.int\/classifications\/icd\/Guidelines_Cause_of_Death_COVID-19.pdf"},{"key":"bibr18-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7034e5"},{"key":"bibr19-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7037e1"},{"key":"bibr20-00333549221115658","unstructured":"Henwood BF, Kaileh L, Wilson N, et al. Los Angeles Continuum of Care Homeless Count. University of Southern California; 2020. Accessed October 24, 2021. https:\/\/www.lahsa.org\/documents?id=4658-usc-2020-homeless-count-methodology-report"},{"key":"bibr21-00333549221115658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9778\/cmajo.20200287"},{"key":"bibr22-00333549221115658","unstructured":"LA County Department of Public Health. LA County COVID-19 surveillance dashboard: map of adjusted rates for deaths by city\/community. Published 2021. 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