{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T10:45:47Z","timestamp":1792665947296,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transgender women with diagnosed HIV experience social and structural factors that could negatively affect their overall health and HIV-related health outcomes. We describe estimates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) of sociodemographic characteristics, HIV stigma, discrimination, and mental health outcomes among transgender women with diagnosed HIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed pooled data of all transgender women with diagnosed HIV (N = 217) from the 2015 through 2018 MMP cycles. We reported unweighted frequencies, weighted percentages, and 95% CIs for all characteristics. We post-stratified data to known population totals by age, race and ethnicity, and sex at birth from the National HIV Surveillance System.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 46% of transgender women with diagnosed HIV identified as Black or African American, 67% lived at or below the federal poverty level, 18% had experienced homelessness in the past year, 26% experienced mild to severe symptoms of depression, 30% experienced mild to severe anxiety symptoms, 32% reported physical violence by an intimate partner, and 30% reported forced sex during their lifetime. Despite 80% being very satisfied with their current HIV care, 94% experienced current HIV stigma and 20% experienced health care\u2013related discrimination since being diagnosed with HIV. Among transgender women with diagnosed HIV who experienced discrimination, 46% and 51% experienced health care discrimination attributed to their gender and sexual orientation or sexual practices, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings underscore a need to address unmet ancillary services, such as housing, intimate partner violence, and mental health needs, and the need for strategies to reduce experiences with HIV stigma and discrimination in care for transgender women with diagnosed HIV in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549221123583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T08:28:45Z","timestamp":1663748925000},"page":"771-781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Stigma, Discrimination, and Mental Health Outcomes Among Transgender Women With Diagnosed HIV Infection in the United States, 2015-2018"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0805-9619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krishna Kiran","family":"Kota","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingwei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICF, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharoda","family":"Dasgupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5600-2270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donna Hubbard","family":"McCree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304727"},{"key":"bibr2-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2014.0099"},{"key":"bibr3-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0019793920902776"},{"key":"bibr4-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/trgh.2018.0026"},{"key":"bibr5-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-48744-7_11"},{"key":"bibr6-00333549221123583","volume-title":"The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey","author":"James SE","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr7-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02544-2"},{"key":"bibr8-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462416686722"},{"key":"bibr9-00333549221123583","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diagnoses of HIV infection in the United States and dependent areas, 2018 (updated). HIV Surveill Rep. 2020;31:1-119. Accessed October 11, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/reports\/surveillance\/cdc-hiv-surveillance-report-2018-updated-vol-31.pdf"},{"key":"bibr10-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2017.303744"},{"key":"bibr11-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68184-1"},{"key":"bibr12-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.03.022"},{"key":"bibr13-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2017.0003"},{"key":"bibr14-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.11.010"},{"key":"bibr15-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300796"},{"key":"bibr16-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-019-02613-6"},{"key":"bibr17-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002286"},{"key":"bibr18-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.07.020"},{"key":"bibr19-00333549221123583","volume-title":"Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey","author":"Grant JM","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr20-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112867"},{"key":"bibr21-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2018.03.003"},{"key":"bibr22-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003125"},{"key":"bibr23-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15453"},{"key":"bibr24-00333549221123583","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveillance reports. Accessed August 26, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/statistics\/systems\/mmp\/resources.html#Surveillance%20Reports"},{"key":"bibr25-00333549221123583","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Distinguishing public health research and public health nonresearch. July 29, 2010. Accessed October 13, 2020. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/24235"},{"key":"bibr26-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2006.08.001"},{"key":"bibr27-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.10011"},{"key":"bibr28-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1712-y"},{"key":"bibr29-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03414-6"},{"key":"bibr30-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1737640"},{"key":"bibr31-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.05049.x"},{"key":"bibr32-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"bibr33-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.06.026"},{"key":"bibr34-00333549221123583","unstructured":"Smith SG, Zhang X, Basile KC, et al. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2015 data brief\u2014updated release. November 2018. Accessed February 9, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/violenceprevention\/pdf\/2015data-brief508.pdf"},{"key":"bibr35-00333549221123583","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Assistant for Planning and Evaluation. Computations for the 2016 poverty guidelines. 2016. Accessed October 12, 2020. https:\/\/aspe.hhs.gov\/computations-2016-poverty-guidelines"},{"key":"bibr36-00333549221123583","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Behavioral and clinical characteristics of persons with diagnosed HIV infection\u2014Medical Monitoring Project, United States, 2018 cycle (June 2018\u2013May 2019). HIV Surveill Special Rep. 2020;25:1-38. Accessed October 13, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/reports\/surveillance\/cdc-hiv-surveillance-special-report-number-25.pdf"},{"key":"bibr37-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfl033"},{"key":"bibr38-00333549221123583","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diagnoses of HIV infection in the HIV surveillance report, 2018 (preliminary). HIV Surveill Rep. 2019;30:1-129. Accessed February 3, 2022. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/pdf\/library\/reports\/surveillance\/cdc-hiv-surveillance-report-2018-preliminary-vol-30.pdf"},{"key":"bibr39-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2020.1728212"},{"key":"bibr40-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-08891-3"},{"key":"bibr41-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.21636"},{"key":"bibr42-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9565-8"},{"key":"bibr43-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8177-z"},{"key":"bibr44-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/lgbt.2014.0106"},{"key":"bibr45-00333549221123583","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. HIV National Strategic Plan for the United States: a roadmap to end the epidemic 2021-2025. 2021. Accessed February 2, 2022. https:\/\/files.hiv.gov\/s3fs-public\/HIV-National-Strategic-Plan-2021-2025.pdf"},{"key":"bibr46-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002647"},{"key":"bibr47-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1938-8"},{"key":"bibr48-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032595"},{"key":"bibr49-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/AMEP.S147183"},{"key":"bibr50-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jia2.25270"},{"key":"bibr51-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1545988"},{"key":"bibr52-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002788"},{"key":"bibr53-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2188-0"},{"key":"bibr54-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2019.1683808"},{"key":"bibr55-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2019.0067"},{"key":"bibr56-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.3.18640"},{"key":"bibr57-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00981389.2016.1193099"},{"key":"bibr58-00333549221123583","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV prevention and care for the transgender population. 2020. Accessed October 7, 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv\/clinicians\/transforming-health\/index.html"},{"key":"bibr59-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-018-2365-1"},{"key":"bibr60-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2018.1489102"},{"key":"bibr61-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60833-3"},{"key":"bibr62-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302905"},{"key":"bibr63-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004"},{"key":"bibr64-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006"},{"key":"bibr65-00333549221123583","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Text Revision: DSM-IV-TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","edition":"4"},{"key":"bibr66-00333549221123583","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135910539700200305"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549221123583","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00333549221123583","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549221123583","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:38:31Z","timestamp":1777628311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00333549221123583"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00333549221123583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549221123583","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]}}}