{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T23:57:14Z","timestamp":1792799834941,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3AI133669"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3AI133669"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill","award":["P30 AI050410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI050410"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007229","name":"Harvard University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30AI060354"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI060354"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Johns Hopkins University","award":["P30AI094189"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30AI094189"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00za53h95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 surveillance data are rarely collected or disaggregated by gender identity in the United States. We quantified COVID-19 testing experiences and SARS-CoV-2 infection history among transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) people to inform testing strategies and public health responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From June 14 through December 16, 2021, TGD adults enrolled in a US nationwide online survey with optional SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We used multinomial regression analyses to identify correlates of suspected and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (vs no known infection). We identified correlates of inability to access COVID-19 testing when needed using generalized linear models for binomial variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (N = 2092) reported trans masculine (30.5%), trans feminine (27.3%), and nonbinary (42.2%) gender identities. Ten percent of respondents had a confirmed history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 29.8% had a history of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nonbinary gender (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.68; 95% CI, 1.12-2.53), experiencing homelessness (aPR = 1.65; 95% CI, 1.05-2.60), and food insecurity (aPR = 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03-2.04) were associated with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Food insecurity (aPR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10-1.72), chronic physical health condition (aPR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.15-1.80), chronic mental health condition (aPR = 3.65; 95% CI, 2.40-5.56), and increased anticipated discrimination scores (aPR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05) were associated with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thirty-four percent (n = 694 of 2024) of participants reported an inability to access COVID-19 testing when needed, which was associated with Latinx or Hispanic ethnicity, inconsistent telephone access, homelessness, disability, and transportation limitations. The majority (79.4%) reported a complete COVID-19 vaccine course at the time of participation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inclusion of TGD people in public health surveillance and tailored public health strategies to address TGD communities\u2019 social and structural vulnerabilities may reduce barriers to COVID-19 testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549221138853","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T01:28:36Z","timestamp":1671758916000},"page":"357-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Testing Experiences in a Nationwide Sample of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults, June\u2013December 2021"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"138","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2063-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea L.","family":"Wirtz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dee","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tonia C.","family":"Poteat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Wilson","family":"Beckham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trans Solutions Research and Resource Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carter","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Black Transgender Advocacy Coalition, Carrollton, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sari L.","family":"Reisner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549221138853","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins University Coronavirus Resource Center. COVID-19 United States cases by county. September 2022. Accessed September 26, 2022. https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/us-map"},{"key":"bibr2-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.05.003"},{"key":"bibr3-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.11374"},{"key":"bibr4-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2022.114716"},{"key":"bibr5-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/forefront.20210510.756668."},{"key":"bibr6-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2021.05.019"},{"key":"bibr7-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260063"},{"key":"bibr8-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2020.0118"},{"key":"bibr9-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838018757749"},{"key":"bibr10-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002490"},{"key":"bibr11-00333549221138853","unstructured":"Black Transgender Advocacy Coalition. COVID-19 community response fund. May 13, 2021. Accessed March 21, 2022. https:\/\/blacktrans.org\/campaigns\/btac-covid-fund"},{"key":"bibr12-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2021.306249"},{"key":"bibr13-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/14704"},{"key":"bibr14-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/17076"},{"key":"bibr15-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/29152"},{"key":"bibr16-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.178"},{"key":"bibr17-00333549221138853","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2012.690110"},{"key":"bibr18-00333549221138853","unstructured":"RADx-UP Coordination and Data Collection Center. NIH RADx-UP common data elements. 2022. Accessed March 21, 2022. https:\/\/radx-up.org\/learning-resources\/cdes"},{"key":"bibr19-00333549221138853","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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