{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:45:34Z","timestamp":1777898734952,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#75D30121C10149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#75D30121C10149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Effective health communication can increase intent to vaccinate. We compared 8 messages that may influence parents\u2019 intent to vaccinate their children against COVID-19.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cross-sectional survey of adults in the United States administered online in August 2021, 1837 parents and legal guardians were exposed to 8 messages (individual choice, gain\/practical benefits, nonexpert, health care provider recommendation, altruism\/community good, safety\/effectiveness, safety, and effectiveness) to determine message reception and influence on intent to vaccinate their children. Parents responded to 10 questions using a Likert scale. We computed odds ratios (ORs) for each message, with an OR &gt;1.0 indicating greater observed odds of participant agreement with the follow-up statement as compared with a reference message. We compared outcomes individually across messages with ordinal logistic regression fit using generalized estimating equations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The individual choice message had the highest odds of agreement for understanding intent (OR = 2.10; 95% CI, 1.94-2.27), followed by the health care provider recommendation message (OR = 1.58; 95% CI, 1.46-1.71). The individual choice message had the highest odds of memorability, relatability, and trustworthiness. The altruism\/community good message was at or near second best. The altruism\/community good message had the highest or near-highest odds of increasing parents\u2019 intent to vaccinate their children, asking friends and family for their thoughts, and searching for additional information. The message that most motivated parents to vaccinate their children depended on parental intent to vaccinate prior to being exposed to the tested messages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Messages with themes of individual choice, health care provider recommendation, and altruism\/community good may be used in future message campaigns. Further research is needed to refine message concepts related to altruism\/community good.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549231218725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T07:25:09Z","timestamp":1705649109000},"page":"230-240","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Evaluation of Messages to Promote Parental Intent to Vaccinate Children Aged &lt;12 Years Against COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2777-0238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella L.","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karna, LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0634-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Weinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karna, LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Mansergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ramzi W.","family":"Nahhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Gelaude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of HIV Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karna, LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karna, LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warren","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karna, LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Torey","family":"Repetski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karna, LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Everett","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brunet-Garcia, Jacksonville, FL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steve L.","family":"Evener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karna, LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrienne","family":"Garbarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karna, LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura M. 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