{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:45:43Z","timestamp":1777898743816,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716422400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["3P30AI027767-33S1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3P30AI027767-33S1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how vaccination decisions are influenced by misinformation, disinformation, and social pressures, leading to varied and inequitable uptake rates. In this study, we examined how COVID-19 vaccine messages received via social networks were associated with vaccine uptake in rural Alabama.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      From November 2021 through March 2022, we collected 700 responses to a telephone survey administered in 4 rural Alabama counties. We asked respondents to indicate whether certain social relationships (eg, family, businesses) tried to influence them to (1) obtain or (2) avoid a COVID-19 vaccine. We used \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests, Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests, Mantel\u2013Haenszel \u03c7\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      tests, and Fisher exact tests to examine the associations between vaccination status and survey responses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Respondents in majority\u2013African American counties were significantly more likely than those in majority\u2013White counties to have received \u22651 dose of COVID-19 vaccine (89.8% vs 72.3%; P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Respondents who received \u22651 dose had a significantly higher mean age than those who had not (58.0 vs 39.0\u2009years; P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Respondents who were encouraged to get vaccinated by religious leaders were more likely to have received \u22651 dose ( P\u2009=\u2009.001), and those who were encouraged to avoid vaccination by family ( P\u2009=\u2009.007), friends ( P\u2009=\u2009.02), coworkers ( P\u2009=\u2009.003), and health care providers ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) were less likely to have received \u22651 dose. Respondents with more interpersonal relationships that encouraged them to avoid vaccination were more likely to be unvaccinated ( P\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interpersonal relationships and demographic characteristics appeared to be important in COVID-19 vaccine decision-making in rural Alabama. Further research needs to identify how to facilitate vaccine-positive interpersonal relationships, such as peer mentoring and trusted messenger interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549241250223","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T06:59:42Z","timestamp":1716447582000},"page":"691-698","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Associations Between Social Networks and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake in 4 Rural Alabama Counties: Survey Findings"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"139","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0269-3579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greer","family":"McCollum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9296-7726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashleigh","family":"Allgood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"April","family":"Agne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dave","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cicily","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Community Health Program, Department of Health and Human Services, School of Education, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Baral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mugavero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allyson G.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00333549241250223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-020-00958-x"},{"key":"bibr2-00333549241250223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00451-5"},{"key":"bibr3-00333549241250223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.11.058"},{"key":"bibr4-00333549241250223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106531"},{"key":"bibr5-00333549241250223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.11.097"},{"key":"bibr6-00333549241250223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2022.101845"},{"key":"bibr7-00333549241250223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2021.1950504"},{"key":"bibr8-00333549241250223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/39109"},{"key":"bibr9-00333549241250223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22605\/RRH7128"},{"key":"bibr10-00333549241250223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12335"},{"key":"bibr11-00333549241250223","first-page":"93","volume":"12","author":"Zekeri 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