{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T08:10:50Z","timestamp":1786867850271,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2-3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"US Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"centers for disease control and prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To improve rapid detection and response to spikes in suspected nonfatal opioid overdoses in the community, the Rhode Island Department of Health (RIDOH) sought to modify its case definition to align with newly released guidance from the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RIDOH used CSTE guidance to create 2 alternative criteria (CSTE-guided and RIDOH-modified CSTE) to replace one of RIDOH\u2019s original criteria. We gathered emergency medical services (EMS) records from 4 months in 2022 to determine whether they met any criteria, and we reviewed them to determine the accuracy of identifying an opioid overdose. We calculated the positive predictive value for each criterion individually and as a complete case definition (RIDOH original definition, CSTE-guided definition, and RIDOH-modified CSTE definition).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RIDOH-modified CSTE case definition was adopted because it had a positive predictive value of 91.5% in identifying nonfatal opioid overdose\u2013related EMS incidents, similar to the original definition (91.3%) and higher than the CSTE-guided definition (82.2%). The RIDOH-modified CSTE case definition identified 624 additional nonfatal opioid overdoses in EMS data from 2018 through 2022, a 7% increase from the original definition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The RIDOH-modified CSTE case definition increased RIDOH\u2019s ability to detect suspected nonfatal opioid overdoses while maintaining the accuracy of the case definition. With the new case definition, RIDOH aims to improve allocation of resources to communities experiencing increased overdose burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549241301721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T06:00:02Z","timestamp":1734069602000},"page":"241-247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Enhanced Emergency Medical Services Case Definition to Identify Suspected Nonfatal Opioid Overdose\u2013Related Incidents in Rhode Island"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"McClaren","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Substance Use Epidemiology Program, Center for Health Data Analysis, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA"},{"name":"CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Basta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substance Use Epidemiology Program, Center for Health Data Analysis, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Emergency Medical Services, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6943-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Hallowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substance Use Epidemiology Program, Center for Health Data Analysis, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999-2020","volume":"428","author":"Hedegaard H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hedegaard H, Mini\u00f1o AM, Spencer MR, Warner M. Drug overdose deaths in the United States, 1999-2020. NCHS Data Brief. 2021;428:1-8.","journal-title":"NCHS Data Brief"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549211018989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists. Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists emergency medical services nonfatal opioid overdose standard guidance. 2022. Accessed August 21 2023. https:\/\/cdn.ymaws.com\/www.cste.org\/resource\/resmgr\/EMS_Nonfatal_Opioid_Overdose.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549211018181"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.103039"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2021.103426"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Preliminary findings from the Rhode Island Harm Reduction Surveillance System: January 2021\u2013December 2022","volume":"106","author":"Ledingham EM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ledingham EM, McKenzie M, McKee H, et al. Preliminary findings from the Rhode Island Harm Reduction Surveillance System: January 2021\u2013December 2022. R I Med J (2013). 2023;106(3):70-73.","journal-title":"R I Med J (2013)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5210\/ojphi.v11i1.9779"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Biospatial. Biospatial statistical software version 3.33.0. 2022. Accessed November 1 2023. https:\/\/app.biospatial.io"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549241301721","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00333549241301721","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549241301721","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:40:04Z","timestamp":1777628404000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00333549241301721"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2-3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00333549241301721"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549241301721","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]}}}