{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T22:02:41Z","timestamp":1783980161459,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU62PS924580-01-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU62PS924580-01-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In 2018, Georgetown University was awarded a 5-year grant from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, PS18-1805, to deduplicate people across HIV surveillance jurisdictions using the ATra Black Box, an electronic privacy-ensuring system developed by Georgetown University that allows for the secure and streamlined exchange of data between public health jurisdictions. We outline the processes that Georgetown University undertook to engage public health jurisdictions, and we provide results of the Black Box matching sessions from November 2018 through May 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Georgetown University recruited jurisdictions for participation in the project from 2018 to 2024 and developed communication plans and documentation to assist jurisdictions with participating in quarterly matching sessions of the Black Box. Georgetown University surveyed jurisdictions to determine technical assistance needs and satisfaction with the project and held virtual and in-person meetings. Georgetown University conducted quarterly runs of the Black Box from 2018 to 2024 and analyzed the results using SAS and Excel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As of May 2024, Georgetown University had enrolled 40 public health jurisdictions into the CDC Black Box project with signed data-sharing agreements, and 75% of people living with diagnosed HIV in the United States resided in these jurisdictions. From November 2018 through May 2024, Georgetown University conducted 21 quarterly matching sessions of the Black Box, processing &gt;2.1 million records in the November 2023 session.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Implementation of the Black Box for sharing HIV surveillance data across jurisdictions has decreased the staff time needed to update information on people with HIV. This project has improved the quality of HIV surveillance data that are needed to measure progress on key HIV indicators at the local and national levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549251318985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T05:02:23Z","timestamp":1751950943000},"page":"453-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cross-Jurisdictional Data Sharing: Use of the ATra Black Box for Deduplicating Cases in the National HIV Surveillance System"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"140","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0301-2432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne G.","family":"Rhodes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Senior Vice President for Research, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel K.","family":"Jarris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Senior Vice President for Research, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seble","family":"Kassaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0299-4200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Auntr\u00e9 D.","family":"Hamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NASTAD, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann Marie","family":"Hensel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC Foundation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"},{"name":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeff","family":"Collman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Carrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for HIV Surveillance, Epidemiology and Evaluation, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyin W.","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Withers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Information Services, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisa","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Information Services, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miranda","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Senior Vice President for Research, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.C.","family":"Smart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Senior Vice President for Research, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ending the HIV Epidemic in the US (EHE): a plan for America. 2019. Accessed October 14 2020. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/endhiv\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS). 2025. Accessed January 6 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hiv-data\/nhss\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002059"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. HIV national strategic plan: a roadmap to end the epidemic for the United States 2021-2025. 2021. Accessed March 15 2024. https:\/\/files.hiv.gov\/s3fs-public\/HIV-National-Strategic-Plan-2021-2025.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac338"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/003335491412900408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.9800"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549231208488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Ethical Reasoning in Big Data: An Exploratory Analysis","author":"Smart JC","unstructured":"Smart JC. Technology for privacy assurance. In: Collmann J, Matei SA, eds. Ethical Reasoning in Big Data: An Exploratory Analysis. Springer International Publishing; 2016:93-114."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/publichealth.5317"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002090"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Secure data sharing tool to support de-duplication of cases in the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS): CDC-RFA-PS18-1805. 2017. Accessed April 1 2024. https:\/\/govtribe.com\/file\/government-file\/cdc-rfa-ps18-1805-final-dot-pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","volume-title":"Data Security and Confidentiality Guidelines for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis Programs: Standards to Facilitate Sharing and Use of Surveillance Data for Public Health Action","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2011","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data Security and Confidentiality Guidelines for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, Sexually Transmitted Disease, and Tuberculosis Programs: Standards to Facilitate Sharing and Use of Surveillance Data for Public Health Action. US Department of Health and Human Services; 2011."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Cross-Guard. The Ventis server safe. 2020. 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Technical Guidance for HIV Surveillance Programs: Duplicate Review. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2023."}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549251318985","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00333549251318985","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549251318985","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:40:14Z","timestamp":1777628414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00333549251318985"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5-6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00333549251318985"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549251318985","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]}}}