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The 3 surveillance systems that provided these data\u2014the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the National Vital Statistics System\u2014were selected to monitor progress toward elimination of hepatitis C as a public health threat in the United States by 2030. However, some limitations of these surveillance systems compel the use of additional data sources with more timely information for the general population and for populations with higher incidence, prevalence, or mortality of hepatitis C, such as those experiencing homelessness, incarceration, or injection drug use. Commercial laboratories, health systems, and programs serving these populations could provide such data. This topical review of hepatitis C surveillance describes the history, long-term trends, and recent investments in public health surveillance for hepatitis C. Strengthening and modernizing the hepatitis C surveillance workforce and systems, improving data system interoperability, linking complementary data sources, and leveraging multiple data systems can aid in the measurement of public health efforts to meet hepatitis C elimination goals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549251351880","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T10:21:29Z","timestamp":1756376489000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Hepatitis C Surveillance in the United States: Past, Present, and Future"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0215-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurie K.","family":"Barker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6252-4841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Doshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7132-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth B.","family":"Jiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyasu","family":"Teshale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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