{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:46:12Z","timestamp":1777898772266,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection caused by the yeast\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                    that affects more than 50% of women in their lifetime. We aimed to describe VVC among American Indian\/Alaska Native (AI\/AN) girls and women who were receiving care in the Indian Health Service (IHS) system during 2016-2022. We calculated the annual VVC prevalence per 1000 IHS user population and examined underlying medical conditions, previous diagnoses, and antifungal treatment. Among 6 million female patient-years, 70 766 patients had \u22651 VVC diagnosis code (2022 prevalence: 14.2 per 1000 IHS user population). Frequent previous or concurrent diagnoses included diabetes (24.8%), urinary tract infection (13.6%), screening for sexually transmitted infection (13.2%), and unspecified acute vaginitis or vulvitis (13.0%). Approximately one-third (33.1%) of patients received fluconazole, and 25.7% received prescription topical antifungal medication. VVC was a common condition among AI\/AN patients who accessed care in the IHS health care system. VVC prevalence among AI\/AN patients was similar to the prevalence among the broader US population. These data provide a baseline for future studies to evaluate diagnostic and treatment practices for VVC among AI\/AN people.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549251372044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T11:25:45Z","timestamp":1757935545000},"page":"51-54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Among American Indian and Alaska Native People, Indian Health Service, 2016-2022"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"141","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0458-2493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin","family":"Benedict","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan L.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5707-528X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dallas J.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana L.","family":"Haberling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uzo","family":"Chukwuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Disease Prevention, Indian Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-022-01741-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0267866"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted infection treatment guidelines 2021: vulvovaginal candidiasis. 2021. Accessed October 16 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/candidiasis.htm"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2810.220391"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7311a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ICD-10-CM. 2024. Accessed August 5 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/icd\/icd-10-cm\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Health care for urban American Indian and Alaska Native women. 2012. Accessed October 16 2024. https:\/\/www.acog.org\/clinical\/clinical-guidance\/committee-opinion\/articles\/2012\/01\/health-care-for-urban-american-indian-and-alaska-native-women"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6936a4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes statistics report. 2024. Accessed October 16 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/php\/data-research\/index.html"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549251372044","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00333549251372044","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549251372044","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T09:40:35Z","timestamp":1777628435000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00333549251372044"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00333549251372044"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549251372044","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]]}}}