{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T12:33:18Z","timestamp":1788093198586,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 specified that dietary supplements must be swallowed. In this study, we investigated whether kratom-derived products are being sold to consumers in nonswallowed formulations. Kratom is the fresh or dried leaf powder of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mitragyna speciosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    tree. We identified 49 kratom-derived products being sold in the form of sublingual strips (24%), buccal pouches (8%), and vaping products (67%). Most contained 7-hydroxymitragynine (an alkaloid that the US Food and Drug Administration seeks to make a controlled substance), but we also identified mitragynine extract and mitragynine pseudoindoxyl products. The majority had flavoring or a scent, and some had mascots, pictures of fruit or mint, or formulation colors or packaging that could appeal to children. Most products were not sold in child-resistant packaging. Several kratom vaping products additionally contained intoxicating hemp cannabinoids. With no clinical, safety, or pharmacokinetic data for kratom-derived products that bypass first-pass metabolism (ie, where a chemical absorbed through the stomach or intestines is metabolized in the liver before reaching the general bloodstream), people should be advised to avoid these products, and regulatory action is needed to prevent their sale to consumers.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549251410520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:46:40Z","timestamp":1769474800000},"page":"335-338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nonswallowed Kratom-Derived Products: Unlawful Dietary Supplements That Endanger Public Health"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"141","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9367-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. Michael","family":"White","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ava","family":"Sedensky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordyn","family":"Belcourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pranjali","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-30.2.289"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17512433.2024.2305798"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Reissig CJ. Pilot dose-finding study of kratom alkaloids: study design updates. US Food and Drug Administration. Presented at: Third Annual Kratom Symposium; February 15 2024; Orlando FL. Accessed August 5 2025. https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/6508b3f79033221c2aa1ea17\/t\/6619aeb215a7337958a26050\/1717013410023\/REVISED+kratom+UF+presentation_C+reissig+FDAs+-MS.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-015-1279-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2025.2522162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. FDA takes steps to restrict 7-OH opioid products threatening American consumers. July 29 2025. Accessed August 5 2025. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-takes-steps-restrict-7-oh-opioid-products-threatening-american-consumers"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Questions and answers on dietary supplements. Content current as of February 21 2024. Accessed November 24 2025. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/food\/information-consumers-using-dietary-supplements\/questions-and-answers-dietary-supplements"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 Pub L No 103-417 108 Stat 4325 (1994). Accessed November 24 2025. https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/103\/statute\/STATUTE-108\/STATUTE-108-Pg4325.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200241090-00003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","unstructured":"Zandt F. In the US to search is to Google. Statista. September 10 2024. 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