{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T12:46:32Z","timestamp":1777898792366,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772236800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID-19 Public Health Workforce Supplemental Gran"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID-19 Public Health Workforce Supplemental Gran"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The number of active tuberculosis (TB) cases reported in New York City in 2020 declined 20% from 2019. To describe this decrease, we examined the characteristics of TB patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared the characteristics of 2 groups of TB cases: (1) cases in New York City\u2019s TB surveillance registry diagnosed during the pandemic (March 1, 2020\u2013February 28, 2022) and the stay-at-home order PAUSE (Policies that Assure Uniform Safety for Everyone) (March 23\u2013June 7, 2020) and (2) cases diagnosed before the pandemic (March 1, 2018\u2013February 29, 2020).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We identified 1088 patients with TB before the pandemic and 945 patients with TB during the pandemic; 62 patients were diagnosed with TB during PAUSE (53% fewer compared with the same dates in 2019). During the pandemic versus before the pandemic, a significantly higher proportion of patients were hospitalized at diagnosis (66.3% vs 60.1%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001). During PAUSE versus before the pandemic, a higher (but not significantly higher) proportion of patients with pulmonary TB had a positive respiratory acid-fast bacilli smear result (63.5% vs 57.8%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.42) and cavitation on chest imaging (48.1% vs 39.0%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.19). The median duration of TB symptoms before diagnosis was 58 days during the pandemic and 45 days before the pandemic (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.02). During the pandemic, a higher (but not significantly higher) proportion of patients died before treatment start (3.3% vs 2.0%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.08) and before treatment completion (9.0% vs 6.8%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.07) compared with before the pandemic.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TB diagnoses precipitously declined during PAUSE. Disease severity and symptom duration increased among patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating that TB diagnoses may have been delayed and that TB may have been underdiagnosed during the pandemic in New York City.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549261420093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T08:14:34Z","timestamp":1772266474000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trends in Active Tuberculosis Cases Diagnosed in New York City During the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8842-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily G.","family":"Bamforth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3705-9551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah T.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6039-9223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Trieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bureau of Tuberculosis Control, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Bureau of Tuberculosis Control. Infographic tuberculosis in New York City 2020. 2021. Accessed September 17 2024. https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/site\/doh\/health\/health-topics\/tuberculosis-historical-reports.page"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Bureau of Tuberculosis Control. Annual summary 2019. 2020. Accessed September 17 2024. https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/site\/doh\/health\/health-topics\/tuberculosis-historical-reports.page"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2023. 2023. Accessed September 20 2024. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240083851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7012a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.20.0364"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7112a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. TB by origin of birth: 1993-2023. 2024. Accessed February 4 2025. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tb-surveillance-report-2023\/tables\/table-9.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"New York City Department of City Planning Population Division. New York City\u2019s population estimates and trends: 2025 May release. 2025. Accessed September 9 2025. https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/content\/planning\/pages\/our-work\/reports\/nyc-population-estimate-trends"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.20.0283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6929a4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6936a4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.34882"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"New York State. Governor Cuomo signs the \u201cNew York State on PAUSE\u201d executive order. March 20 2020. Accessed August 26 2025. https:\/\/www.governor.ny.gov\/news\/governor-cuomo-signs-new-york-state-pause-executive-order"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0033354916688270"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30732-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","unstructured":"Toprani A Hadler JL. Selecting and Applying a Standard Area-Based Socioeconomic Status Measure for Public Health Data: Analysis for New York City. Epi Research Report. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene; 2013. Accessed November 9 2023. https:\/\/www.nyc.gov\/assets\/doh\/downloads\/pdf\/epi\/epiresearch-SES-measure.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","unstructured":"US Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year data (2016-2020). 2021. 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