{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:06:29Z","timestamp":1779188789641,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NH23IP922621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NH23IP922621"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Routine childhood vaccination rates declined nationwide among children born during 2020-2021 compared with prior birth cohorts. We identified sociodemographic risk factors associated with incomplete 7-vaccine series among children born during widespread health care disruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrieved childhood vaccination data from Louisiana\u2019s Immunization Information System for children born from March 1, 2020, through July 1, 2021, to identify completion status of the 7-vaccine series by age 24 months. After geocoding home addresses, we used regression analyses and machine-learning models to identify social vulnerability factors at the individual and census-tract levels that were associated with 1 or more missing vaccine doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Children residing a greater distance from the vaccinating facility (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]\u2009=\u20091.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.002) and in a census tract with a larger low-income population than the statewide median (AOR\u2009=\u20091.14; 95% CI, 1.05-1.23;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.006) had significantly higher odds of being 1 dose short of 7-vaccine series completion by age 24 months. Similarly, children residing in areas with a larger low-income (AOR\u2009=\u20091.18. 95% CI, 1.14-1.23;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) and non-White (AOR\u2009=\u20091.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009.04) population than the statewide median had higher odds of missing multiple doses of the 7-vaccine series by age 24 months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We need further research to identify and implement best practices that help socially vulnerable communities retain access to routine health care, such as childhood immunizations, during future public health emergencies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549261423153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T10:31:10Z","timestamp":1773225070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sociodemographic Risk Factors for Incomplete Routine Childhood Immunizations Among Children Born During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Louisiana, March 1, 2020\u2013July 1, 2021"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8483-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arundhati","family":"Bakshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunization Program, Louisiana Department of Health, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunization Program, Louisiana Department of Health, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suryatapa","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunization Program, Louisiana Department of Health, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunization Program, Louisiana Department of Health, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farnaaz","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunization Program, Louisiana Department of Health, New Orleans, LA, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 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