{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:13:09Z","timestamp":1786122789357,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alcohol-associated liver disease (AALD) is a leading cause of liver disease. Alcohol use disorder is a growing public health problem in the United States. TikTok is a growing source of public health information; such information is not peer reviewed and often does not meet scientific standards. We assessed the quality of AALD information on TikTok.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective observational study of TikTok videos obtained on March 8, 2024, by searching the phrase \u201calcohol-associated liver disease.\u201d We analyzed video characteristics, engagement, and content. Three physicians independently assessed the reliability and quality of the videos by using the DISCERN tool and the Global Quality Score (GQS), scored from 1 to 5, with higher scores indicating better reliability and quality, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We included 139 videos in the analysis. Video creators\/publishers were health care professionals (39.6%), patients and family\/friends (35.3%), wellness coaches (22.3%), and others (2.9%). The median (IQR) DISCERN score was 2.0 (1.3-2.7); the median (IQR) GQS score was 2.5 (1.5-3.3), indicating the videos were of low quality. Videos by health care professionals had higher DISCERN and GQS scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u2009.001) than videos by other creators\/publishers. Video characteristics did not differ significantly between creator\/publisher types. Regression results indicated that videos from health care professionals correlated positively with higher DISCERN and GQS scores, especially when videos were longer.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The quality and reliability of TikTok videos on AALD are poor. The public should exercise caution when accessing AALD-related information on TikTok. Health care providers and public health officials should strongly investigate the quality of health information on social media platforms and seek to improve it.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549261438081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T09:08:54Z","timestamp":1777280934000},"page":"706-713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Quality Assessment of Health Information on Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease on TikTok, United States, 2024"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"141","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3035-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalaila L.","family":"Pais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khushboo Vijay","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology\/Liver Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bayhealth Medical Center, Dover, DE, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica D.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology\/Liver Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl16477"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2276"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000767"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000001018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32272"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.70199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000411"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.641673"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2021.09.312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2021.82.615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/39162"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1231240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.13029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Flannery R. TikTok to allow users to post three-minute videos up from previous 60 seconds. Forbes. July 4 2021. Accessed January 20 2025. https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/russellflannery\/2021\/07\/04\/tiktok-to-allow-users-to-post-three-minute-videos-up-from-previous-60-seconds"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/30409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23258"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2021.106422"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30866"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15871"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000165668.79530.a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003620.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21853\/JHD.2023.202"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14782715241261736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PHH.0000000000001096"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/72061"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","unstructured":"Duffy C Goldman D. TikTok is back online after Trump pledged to restore it. CNN Business. January 20 2025. Accessed January 20 2025. https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/01\/19\/tech\/tiktok-ban\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"Bluesky. Welcome to the social internet. No date. Accessed January 20 2025. https:\/\/bsky.social\/about"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","unstructured":"Cheung E Jiang J Tayir H. The great social media migration: sudden influx of US users to RedNote connects Chinese and Americans like never before. CNN Business. January 15 2025. Accessed January 20 2025. https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/01\/14\/tech\/rednote-china-popularity-us-tiktok-ban-intl-hnk\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tobaccocontrol-2021-056619"}],"container-title":["Public Health Reports\u00ae"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549261438081","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00333549261438081","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00333549261438081","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T11:53:34Z","timestamp":1786103614000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00333549261438081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00333549261438081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00333549261438081","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3549","1468-2877"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3549","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-2877","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]}}}