{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T13:46:07Z","timestamp":1782481567964,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIR-22-048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIR-22-048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Public Health Rep"],"abstract":"\n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n Homelessness is an important public health issue, and the number of individuals experiencing unsheltered homelessness has increased since 2020. On June 28, 2024, the US Supreme Court issued a 6-to-3 decision in\n City of Grants Pass v Johnson<\/jats:italic>\n , which broadened the authority of local governments to prohibit public camping. The National Call Center for Homeless Veterans (NCCHV) offers a 24\/7 virtual option for veterans to access services to address housing instability. The objective of this study was to assess whether expanded local enforcement authority affected inflow and characteristics of individuals contacting NCCHV after the\n Grants Pass<\/jats:italic>\n decision.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n We used data from 418 814 contacts to NCCHV from January 1, 2023, through December 31, 2024. We conducted 3 types of analyses: (1) bivariate analysis comparing changes in contact characteristics using Wald \u03c7\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n tests, (2) direct comparisons of average weekly call volume using paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n tests, and (3) an interrupted time-series analysis using an autoregressive linear regression model.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n While we did not observe seasonal variations in call volume, we found a significant increase in average weekly NCCHV call volume between the pre\u2013 and post\u2013\n Grants Pass<\/jats:italic>\n periods, from 3926.6 to 4394.8 calls (mean [95% CI] change in average weekly call volume: 468.2 [216.8-719.6;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009.005).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n This study provides an indication of the association between the\n Grants Pass<\/jats:italic>\n decision and an increase in help-seeking behavior (potentially representing increased needs) among veterans experiencing housing instability. Future work should assess on-the-ground changes in the needs of individuals experiencing housing instability and responses offered by providers of homeless services.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549261451175","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T15:50:23Z","timestamp":1782229823000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Change in Volume of Contacts to the National Call Center for Homeless Veterans After the US Supreme Court Ruling on\n Grants Pass v Johnson<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4420-3526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann Elizabeth","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kashfi","family":"Pandit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aerin J.","family":"DeRussy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua S.","family":"Richman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA"},{"name":"Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0329-648X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA"},{"name":"School of Public Health, UTHealth Houston, Houston, TX, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Annual homelessness assessment report. 2024 AHAR: part 1\u2014PIT estimates of homelessness in the US. 2024. Accessed December 8 2025. https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/portal\/datasets\/ahar\/2024-ahar-part-1-pit-estimates-of-homelessness-in-the-us.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs. 2024 Point-in-time (PIT) count. 2024. Accessed December 8 2025. https:\/\/www.va.gov\/homeless\/pit_count.asp"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-99394-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","unstructured":"US Department of Veterans Affairs. 2024 National veteran suicide prevention annual report. 2024. Accessed December 8 2025. https:\/\/www.mentalhealth.va.gov\/MENTALHEALTH\/docs\/data-sheets\/2025\/2025_Annual_Report_Part_1_508.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focus.2022.100043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2018.2924"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"American Public Health Association. Protecting the health and well-being of people living unsheltered by stopping forcible displacement of encampments. 2023. Accessed December 8 2025. https:\/\/www.apha.org\/policy-and-advocacy\/public-health-policy-briefs\/policy-database\/2024\/01\/16\/displacement-of-encampments"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen R Yetvin W Khadduri J. Understanding Encampments of People Experiencing Homelessness and Community Responses: Emerging Evidence as of Late 2018. US Department of Housing and Urban Development Office of Policy Development and Research; 2019. Accessed December 8 2025. https:\/\/www.huduser.gov\/portal\/sites\/default\/files\/pdf\/Understanding-Encampments.pdf","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3615828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","unstructured":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Bloomberg American Health Initiative. Public Health Impacts of Criminalizing Homelessness. Hopkins Judicial Health Note: City of Grants Pass v Johnson. 2024. Accessed December 8 2025. https:\/\/americanhealth.jhu.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/2024-12\/JHU_2024_HealthNotes_grantspassvjohnson_FINAL_12.3.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820000722"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","unstructured":"Castaneda CE. Shigellosis outbreak in South Bay homeless encampments prompts action by health officials. CBS News. Updated June 18 2024. Accessed December 8 2025. https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/sanfrancisco\/news\/shigella-san-jose-homeless-encampments"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-011-1638-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Martin v City of Boise. 920 F3d 584 (9th Cir 2019)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","unstructured":"Liptak A. Supreme Court upholds ban on sleeping outdoors in homelessness case. The New York Times. June 28 2024. Accessed May 27 2025. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/06\/28\/us\/politics\/supreme-court-homelessness.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Ludeen J. The Supreme Court says cities can punish people for sleeping in public places. NPR. Updated June 28 2024. Accessed May 27 2025. https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2024\/06\/28\/nx-s1-4992010\/supreme-court-homeless-punish-sleeping-encampments"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"City of Grants Pass v Johnson. No. 22-684. 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