{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T02:52:12Z","timestamp":1777863132896,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1941,1,1]],"date-time":"1941-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":-915148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1941,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The analysis is of 55 cases admitted into St. Mark's Hospital from 1922 to 1940.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence was 3.35% of all cases of cancer of the rectum, anal canal and anus admitted during this period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Sex distribution\u201427 males and 28 females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The average age (61.7 years) is higher than that of columnar-cell carcinoma of the rectum (57.4 years).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Histology.\u2014The cases have been graded into three grades of malignancy\u2014low grade, medium grade, and high grade.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Low grade squamous carcinoma is twice as frequent in men as in women, and generally originates at the anal margin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Medium grade squamous carcinoma is equally distributed between men and women; it may arise at the anus or in the anal canal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>High grade squamous carcinoma is much more common in the female sex and is almost entirely limited to the anal canal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Quadrant affected\u2014about one-third of the anal margin growths and one-half of the anal canal growths were situated anteriorly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Differential diagnosis from simple papilloma, simple ulcer, chronic inflammation, tuberculous ulcer, tuberculide, primary chancre, am\u0153bic ulcer, basal-cell carcinoma, columnar-cell carcinoma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Biopsy and grading essential before treatment is decided upon.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The results of treatment in the three grades of malignancy are described. The best results were obtained in the early low-grade cases treated by interstitial radium needling. In the medium and high grades only three five-year survivals can be reported and these followed excision of the rectum. The management of the inguinal glands is discussed and the importance of a very close post-operative supervision emphasized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Squamous carcinoma of the anal canal may cause lymphatic metastases in the superior h\u00e6morrhoidal glands; there have been four such cases in this series. Diathermy perineal excision is indicated in these cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/003591574103400303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T02:44:09Z","timestamp":1563504249000},"page":"139-160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Anus and Anal Canal: An Analysis of 55 Cases"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"W. B.","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr-bibr1-003591574103400303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700500314","volume":"50","author":"Dukes Cuthbert E.","year":"1940","journal-title":"J. Path. & Bact."},{"key":"bibr-bibr2-003591574103400303","first-page":"376","volume":"2","author":"Broders A. C.","year":"1926","journal-title":"Arch. Path. & Lab. Med."},{"key":"bibr-bibr3-003591574103400303","first-page":"453","volume":"9","author":"Greenough R. B.","year":"1925","journal-title":"J. Cancer Research"},{"key":"bibr-bibr4-003591574103400303","volume-title":"\u201cProctology\u201d","author":"Yeomans Frank C."},{"key":"bibr-bibr5-003591574103400303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(31)90665-X","volume":"11","author":"Rosser Curtice","year":"1931","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg."},{"key":"bibr-bibr6-003591574103400303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800176810","volume":"17","author":"Gordon-Watson Charles","year":"1930","journal-title":"Brit. J. Surg."},{"key":"bibr-bibr7-003591574103400303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-193810000-00011","volume":"108","author":"Gilchrist Richard K.","year":"1938","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003591574103400303","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003591574103400303","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:21:15Z","timestamp":1777526475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/003591574103400303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1941,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1941,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/003591574103400303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003591574103400303","relation":{},"ISSN":["0035-9157"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0035-9157","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1941,1]]}}}