{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:31:17Z","timestamp":1777901477330,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"IPS Research Grant Universiti Putra Malaysia","award":["IPS\/2018\/9594600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IPS\/2018\/9594600"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) Lam belongs to the family Moringaceae. It is an important multipurpose tree that is largely distributed globally and has been used almost in every aspect of traditional medicine for the treatment of various illnesses including cancers, diabetes mellitus, asthma, arthritis, etc. This study investigated the effects of oral acute and sub-acute administration of M. oleifera hydroethanolic leaf extract (MOHE) in ICR-mice. Its major phenolic compounds were also determined. Ten (10) female, 8-week old mice were grouped into control and treatment groups for acute toxicity study. A dose of 2000\u2009mg\/kg MOHE was given once to the treatment group via oral gavage. However, for the sub-acute toxicity study, 25 mice were grouped into groups A (control), B (125\u2009mg\/kg), C (250\u2009mg\/kg), D (500\u2009mg\/kg) and E (1000\u2009mg\/kg). MOHE was given via oral gavage to groups B, C, D and E daily for 28\u2009days. Group A received only distilled water. The mice were sacrificed at the end of the experiments and samples were collected for evaluation. The results of the chemical profiling of MOHE revealed the presence of glucomoringin, niaziminine, quercetin and kaempferol as the major compounds. The treated mice in the acute toxicity study were slightly anaemic and showed evidence of stress leukogram. Moreover, a slight increase in creatinine, significant increases in AST and CK, hepatic degeneration and necrosis, none-obstructive sinusoidal dilatation, renal tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis and renal interstitial oedema were observed. It is concluded that the LD\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    of MOHE is higher than 2000\u2009mg\/kg. However, oral administration of MOHE causes acute mild anaemia and moderate hepato-nephrotoxicity in ICR-mice. Its major phenolic compounds are glucomoringin, niaziminine, quercetin and kaempferol.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504211004272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:35:07Z","timestamp":1639096507000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["<i>Moringa oleifera<\/i>\n                    hydorethanolic leaf extract induced acute and sub-acute hepato-nephrotoxicity in female ICR-mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1093-5622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullahi","family":"Aliyu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohd Rosly","family":"Shaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute Headquarter, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nurul Syahirah","family":"Ahmad Sayuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farhan Hanif","family":"Reduan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shanmugavelu","family":"Sithambaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute Headquarter, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noordin","family":"Mohamed Mustapha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khozirah","family":"Shaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5309-2055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazilawati Binti","family":"Hamzah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00368504211004272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2007.12.010"},{"key":"bibr2-00368504211004272","first-page":"223","volume":"3","author":"Soetan KO","year":"2009","journal-title":"African J Food Sci"},{"key":"bibr3-00368504211004272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(00)00040-5"},{"key":"bibr4-00368504211004272","first-page":"2007","volume":"10","author":"Gafar MK","year":"2011","journal-title":"Electron J Environ Agric Food 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