{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T19:44:33Z","timestamp":1789674273277,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The complexity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its treatments have made self-management behaviors inevitably challenging. However, supplementing education with self-management skills may improve numerous health outcomes in people with nondialysis CKD. This study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to evaluate the effects of a nurse-led self-management support program as an intervention for kidney disease knowledge and CKD self-management behaviors among people with pre-dialysis CKD. In Phase 1, people with CKD stage 3\u20134 and their family members are involved in co-designing, development and pilot testing of a theory-based self-management intervention. In Phase 2, we perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Kidney Disease Knowledge Survey, CKD Self-Management and Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease questionnaires. In Phase 3, a parallel RCT will be conducted to evaluate the intervention where 154 participants with CKD stage 3\u20134 will be randomly assigned to either the intervention ( n\u2009=\u200977) or control group ( n\u2009=\u200977). The intervention group will receive 6-week self-management program from a nurse-coach in addition to standard usual care, while the control group will receive only standard usual care. Outcome measures include kidney disease knowledge, CKD self-management behavior, self-efficacy, quality of life, blood pressure control and adherence to CKD diet as indicated by 24-h urine urea nitrogen, 24-h urine sodium and net endogenous acid production. Data will be collected at baseline and 12-week post-baseline. The between- and within-group intervention effects will be estimated using the Generalized Estimating Equations. The self-management intervention offers strategies to delay CKD progression and to encourage motivation to better self-manage at home. This study integrates self-management education and psychosocial support with culturally relevant scenarios, and evaluates important self-reported and objective outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Clinical Trials Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov , identifier: NCT03974646.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504211026159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T13:51:56Z","timestamp":1624024316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The effectiveness of nurse-led self-management support program for people with chronic kidney disease stage 3-4 (CKD-NLSM): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1575-6735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Al Sawad","family":"Ayat Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family 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