{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:33:28Z","timestamp":1777901608853,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As an immune modulator, vitamin D has been implicated in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. This study aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D levels and the severity of COVID-19 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study, which included 124 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and were selected from Ain Shams University Hospitals and assigned to two groups; mild and severe COVID-19. All patients underwent detailed history taking, clinical data, and different laboratory investigations as complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, liver enzymes, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, ferritin and serum vitamin D concentration. In addition to findings of initial chest computed tomography (CT) were recorded. COVID-19 Reporting and Data System (CO-RADS) and CT chest severity scores (CT SS) were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study of 124 COVID-19-positive individuals, a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was found (97.6%). Lower vitamin D levels were significantly associated with more severe COVID-19 cases ( p-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), higher blood levels of inflammatory markers including (D-dimer, CRP, and ferritin), a higher CT SS and longer disease duration. Serum vitamin D can be used as a predictor for the severity of COVID-19 infection with a specificity of 96.6%, and sensitivity of 45.5%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high frequency of hypovitaminosis D in severe COVID-19 patients provides further evidence of a potential link to poor prognosis and severity of the disease, so vitamin D deficiency may be a marker of poor prognosis in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504211036854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]],"date-time":"2021-08-04T12:48:26Z","timestamp":1628081306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Vitamin D deficiency as a predictor of severity in patients with COVID-19 infection"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3945-198X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed Abd El Monem","family":"Teama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina A","family":"Abdelhakam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwa A","family":"Elmohamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma Mohammed","family":"Badr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00368504211036854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0869-5"},{"key":"bibr2-00368504211036854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30079-5"},{"key":"bibr3-00368504211036854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"bibr4-00368504211036854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12040988"},{"key":"bibr5-00368504211036854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-017-9424-1"},{"key":"bibr6-00368504211036854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-202125"},{"key":"bibr7-00368504211036854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S149049"},{"key":"bibr8-00368504211036854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2014-206680"},{"key":"bibr9-00368504211036854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-020-1479-0"},{"key":"bibr10-00368504211036854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2020.105751"},{"key":"bibr11-00368504211036854","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01370-x"},{"key":"bibr12-00368504211036854","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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