{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:42:24Z","timestamp":1789684944484,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the State Provincial Office of Western Finland"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009420","name":"the Hospital District of Southwest Finland","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009420","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Satakunta Hospital District"},{"name":"Central Satakunta Health Federation of Municipalities"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ankle-brachial index (ABI) measurement is a widely used diagnostic test for lower extremity artery disease. Previously, a larger body surface area (BSA) has been associated with lower blood pressure and lower 2-h post-load glucose concentrations in the oral glucose tolerance test. Our aim was to evaluate whether BSA has an impact on ABI and the prevalence of lower ABI values.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ABI measurements were performed on 972 subjects aged 45 to 70 years at high cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Subjects with previously diagnosed kidney disease, CVD, and diabetes were excluded. Their BSA was calculated by the Mosteller formula. Study subjects were divided into \ufb01ve BSA levels corresponding to 12.5\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 25\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 25\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 25\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and 12.5\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      percentiles of the total distribution. Effect modification by BSA in ABI between sexes was derived from a four-knot restricted cubic splines regression model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After adjustments for age, sex, pulse pressure, glucose regulation, waist circumference, alcohol intake, smoking status, leisure-time physical activity and medication, BSA level had a positive linear relationship with ABI ( p for linearity &lt;0.001). When BSA was less than 2.0 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , there was no difference between the sexes, but when BSA was higher than 2.0 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , men had higher ABI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BSA shows a positive linear relationship with ABI in CVD risk subjects without manifested CVD. The difference in ABI between men and women is modified by BSA and is appreciable when BSA is larger than 2.0 m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504241251649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T10:08:00Z","timestamp":1716458880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Body surface area is positively associated with ankle-brachial index"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1463-3043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Palmu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Kautiainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Unit of Primary Health Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan G.","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Folkh\u00e4lsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Human Potential Translational Research programme and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University Singapore, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, Singapore"},{"name":"Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1518-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harri","family":"Hakovirta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Turku and Southwest Finland Wellbeing Services County, Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Satasairaala Hospital, Satakunta Wellbeing Services County, Pori, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4ivi E.","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, University of Turku and Southwest Finland Wellbeing Services County, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx095"},{"key":"bibr2-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000112642.63927.54"},{"key":"bibr3-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.2.197"},{"key":"bibr4-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys086"},{"key":"bibr5-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq155"},{"key":"bibr6-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2000.00747.x"},{"key":"bibr7-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X18774845"},{"key":"bibr8-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.10.032"},{"key":"bibr9-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-020-0339-z"},{"key":"bibr10-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107877"},{"key":"bibr11-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2021.05.018"},{"key":"bibr12-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1024\/0301-1526\/a000566"},{"key":"bibr13-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.104869"},{"key":"bibr14-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.725"},{"key":"bibr15-00368504241251649","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198710223171717"},{"key":"bibr16-00368504241251649","volume-title":"Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications: report of a WHO consultation. 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