{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:31:23Z","timestamp":1783013483573,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21mk0101159h0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21mk0101159h0003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Theophylline is used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but readily causes symptoms of intoxication and exhibits high risks in elderly patients. However, there have only been a few recent reports on the significance of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) implementation, especially in elderly patients. To examine the usefulness of theophylline TDM, we evaluated the current status of prescriptions containing theophylline and its side effects and assessed the influence of aging, sex, drug formulation, and concurrent drugs use on theophylline exposure using data from various nationwide databases and a pharmacokinetic modeling approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We utilized sampling data from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan. Using the data of patients aged \u226580 years, we conducted an association analysis of theophylline and concurrent drugs. The transition in plasma theophylline concentration levels of elderly patients was estimated based on a previously reported physiological-based pharmacokinetic model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altogether, 3973 patients using theophylline were registered in our dataset, and about 50% were over 70 years old and used theophylline. Therapeutic drug monitoring implementation was confirmed in only 1.13% of patients. The association analysis confirmed a frequent co-occurrence with allopurinol and famotidine, which increase theophylline exposure, in elderly patients aged \u226580 years. The physiologically based pharmacokinetic model indicated that theophylline trough concentrations were 1.65-fold higher in elderly patients aged 80 years compared to those aged 30 years and 1.35-fold higher in females compared to males.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study effectively combined information on the nationwide health care database and modeling approach, indicating the importance of proactive TDM and dose justification for female and elderly patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504241285122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T15:10:35Z","timestamp":1727104235000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Current status and usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring implementation of theophylline in elderly patients based on a nationwide database study and modeling approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5740-4346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akira","family":"Okada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regulatory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2745-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoji","family":"Sera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regulatory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maho","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regulatory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regulatory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naomi","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Regulatory Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00368504241285122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1993.tb02762.x"},{"key":"bibr2-00368504241285122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-200X.2007.02524.x"},{"key":"bibr3-00368504241285122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1972133349"},{"key":"bibr4-00368504241285122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03260440035019"},{"key":"bibr5-00368504241285122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600681106"},{"key":"bibr6-00368504241285122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200320010-00005"},{"key":"bibr7-00368504241285122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13670"},{"key":"bibr8-00368504241285122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2023.07.006"},{"key":"bibr9-00368504241285122","volume-title":"Population pharmacokinetics: guidance for industry","author":"US Food and Drug Administration","year":"2022"},{"key":"bibr10-00368504241285122","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare\n                      . 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