{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:38:04Z","timestamp":1791221884343,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluating the mechanical\u2013anatomical alignment and angles of the knee joint is crucial for athletes. We aimed to analyse the relationship between lower extremity bone alignment and the importance of the Q angle (QA) in male athletes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 38 male professional football athletes without any alignment or varus-valgus deformity who actively played football in various football clubs in Istanbul. This study was conducted using quantitative research methods within the scope of a cohort study design and employed a correlational survey method. A health specialist at the orthopaedic outpatient clinic of the Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, evaluated the participants\u2019 lower extremity bone alignment using standing anteroposterior radiographs and assessed the QA using the goniometric measurement method. The anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and QA data were analysed to assess lower extremity straightness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant relationships between the right and left leg aLDFA, MPTA and QA values of the participants\u2019 lower extremity mechanical axis values and between the aLDFA and right leg QA values ( r\u2009=\u20090.380, p\u2009=\u20090.019) were found. These relationships were attributed to the difference between proximal and distal alignments of the lower extremities. The correlation between QA and certain mechanical alignment parameters was due to unilateral and bilateral symmetrical arrangements of the lower extremities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The parameters of lower extremity mechanical\u2013anatomical alignment are considered preliminary indicators of relationships among sports injuries, structural factors and predisposition to such injuries. Individual differences in the angular values of mechanical\u2013anatomical alignment and the application of different methods for determining these angles have revealed some uncertainties. We determined the mechanical axis data of football athletes who predominantly used their lower extremities using the most reliable methods and examined the relationship among the right and left leg aLDFA, MPTA and QA values. We believe that our findings provide insights and guidance for experts in the field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504241304202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T06:30:20Z","timestamp":1737613820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of the relationship between the bone alignment of the lower extremity and the importance of Q angle in male athletes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1664-8664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00d6m\u00fcr","family":"G\u00fclf\u0131rat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exercises and Sports Science, \u0130stanbul Geli\u015fim University Sports Science Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Ekinci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, \u0130stanbul Haseki Education Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aliasker","family":"Kumak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Coaching Training, \u0130stanbul Geli\u015fim University Sports Science Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00dcnsal","family":"Tazeg\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Education and Sports, Igdir University Sports Science Faculty, Igdir, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.6.210015"},{"key":"bibr2-00368504241304202","first-page":"465","volume":"14","author":"Raveendranath R","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran J Basic Med Sci"},{"key":"bibr3-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-44.5.511"},{"key":"bibr4-00368504241304202","first-page":"169","volume":"19","author":"K\u00fcrkl\u00fc M","year":"2020","journal-title":"TOTBID Dergisi"},{"key":"bibr5-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-017-0571-6"},{"key":"bibr6-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e31819b9188"},{"key":"bibr7-00368504241304202","unstructured":"\u0130nce M.\n                      The effects of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture on mechanical axis changes in the ipsilateral lower extremity\n                      . Medical Specialty Thesis, University of Health Sciences Adana Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Adana, T\u00fcrkiye, 2022."},{"key":"bibr8-00368504241304202","first-page":"50","volume":"4","author":"\u00c7akmak M","year":"2005","journal-title":"TOTBID Dergisi"},{"key":"bibr9-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-1236-5"},{"key":"bibr10-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01646-z"},{"key":"bibr11-00368504241304202","unstructured":"Karabulut M.\n                      Evaluation of the relationship between radiological stage and Q angle, femoral cartilage thickness, and clinical parameters in patients with knee osteoarthritis\n                      . Specialty Thesis, Uluda\u011f University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bursa, T\u00fcrkiye, 2018."},{"key":"bibr12-00368504241304202","first-page":"45","volume":"5","author":"Daneshmandi H","year":"2011","journal-title":"Braz J Biomotricity"},{"key":"bibr13-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3944\/AOTT.2012.2883"},{"key":"bibr14-00368504241304202","first-page":"820","volume":"11","author":"Loudon JK","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"key":"bibr15-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-008-0643-6"},{"key":"bibr16-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"bibr17-00368504241304202","first-page":"420","volume":"19","author":"Aytekin K","year":"2020","journal-title":"TOTBID Dergisi"},{"key":"bibr18-00368504241304202","first-page":"61","volume-title":"Principles of deformity correction","author":"Paley D","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr19-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1308\/003588410X12518836439326"},{"key":"bibr20-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmrj.2010.10.020"},{"key":"bibr21-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2020.03.001"},{"key":"bibr22-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509334223"},{"key":"bibr23-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.01.028"},{"key":"bibr24-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504269591"},{"key":"bibr25-00368504241304202","first-page":"1093","volume":"21","author":"Bloomfield J","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"bibr26-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2007.2453"},{"key":"bibr27-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/gulhane.39853"},{"key":"bibr28-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16965\/ijpr.2016.123"},{"key":"bibr29-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-018-3068-9"},{"key":"bibr30-00368504241304202","first-page":"38","volume":"40","author":"Evcik D","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"key":"bibr31-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0243-2"},{"key":"bibr32-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2010.3227"},{"key":"bibr33-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5606\/totbid.dergisi.2012.43"},{"key":"bibr34-00368504241304202","unstructured":"Espregueira-Mendes J, Van Dijk CN, Neyret P. Injuries and health problems in football. Berlin, Germany: Springer, 2017, pp. 49\u201352."},{"key":"bibr35-00368504241304202","unstructured":"I\u015f\u0131n A.\n                      The effect of football participation on genu varum\n                      . Master\u2019s Thesis, Akdeniz University, Institute of Health Sciences, Antalya, T\u00fcrkiye, 2017."},{"key":"bibr36-00368504241304202","first-page":"226","volume":"96","author":"Rerucha CM","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am Fam Phys"},{"key":"bibr37-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-86922011000500007","volume":"17","author":"De Rezende LFM","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Bras Med Esporte"},{"key":"bibr38-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11114\/jets.v7i2.3955"},{"key":"bibr39-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2014(09)03"},{"key":"bibr40-00368504241304202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/traumamon.17184"},{"key":"bibr41-00368504241304202","first-page":"46","volume":"18","author":"I\u015f\u0131n A","year":"2020","journal-title":"Spormetre J Phys Educ Sport Sci"}],"container-title":["Science Progress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00368504241304202","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00368504241304202","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00368504241304202","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:14:17Z","timestamp":1777634057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00368504241304202"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00368504241304202"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00368504241304202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8504","2047-7163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8504","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-7163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"article-number":"00368504241304202"}}