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Oral microbiomes play an essential role in oral diseases through anti-inflammatory effects and restoring dysbiosis.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactococcus lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      subspecies\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains Y-PDH01-07 (LL01-07) were identified from\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dadih<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a traditional Indonesian fermented milk. Previous research had shown that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">dadih<\/jats:italic>\n                      can reduce colon inflammation. However, the characteristics of LL01-07 as an oral probiotic have not been explored. The objective of this research is to characterize and functionally assess the potential of LL01-07 as an oral probiotic.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Strains were identified using phenotypic features, PCR, and sequencing, and their biosafety status was evaluated. The oral probiotic characterization of LL01-07 consisted of carbohydrate fermentation ability, antimicrobial activity, auto-aggregation, hydrophobicity, and acid resistance. An\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      experiment was conducted to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect on the oral mucosal wound model with unpaired t-test to evaluate the group's significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Genotypic results confirmed that all isolates were\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactococcus lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      subsp.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lactis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and biosafety assessment showed no inhibition zone in antibiotic resistance test and no hemolytic activity. LL05 had the highest % auto aggregation: 15.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.7% at 33\u2005h and 54.2\u2009\u00b1\u20094.8% at 22\u2005h. LL05 had the best acid resistance test (75.2% survival after 4\u2005h of acid exposure). The lesion severity score did not improve in the treatment group, but body weight increased.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LL 01-07 was safe to administer to oral cavity but showed less oral probiotic potential. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      study showed that the treatment group had a lower wound healing effect score but a higher average body weight.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504251383108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:46:47Z","timestamp":1760550407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Characterization of\n                    <i>Lactococcus lactis<\/i>\n                    subspecies\n                    <i>lactis<\/i>\n                    strain Y-PDH01-07 isolated from traditional Indonesian fermented milk (\n                    <i>dadih<\/i>\n                    ) as an oral probiotic candidate"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7325-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ambar Kusuma","family":"Astuti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Indonesia"},{"name":"Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3999-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andi","family":"Yasmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Indonesia Jakarta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9451-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melva","family":"Louisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universitas Indonesia"},{"name":"Pharmacology and Therapeutic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3345-1273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Puspita Eka","family":"Wuyung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia"},{"name":"Animal Research Facilities, Indonesian Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3196-557X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jumpei","family":"Washio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6156-338X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0217-291X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuniardini Septorini","family":"Wimardhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-021-09896-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128657"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103985."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122898"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-01715-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53073-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24098274."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"399","article-title":"Probiotics and mucositis","volume":"21","author":"Cereda E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cereda E, Caraccia M, Caccialanza R. 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