{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T17:39:24Z","timestamp":1793813964802,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background and Objectives:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Hypoglycaemia and intolerance may occur during enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU). Bolus, intermittent (continuous during the day with pauses at night), and continuous EN techniques may have different effects on these outcomes. Our primary aim was to assess the effects of these three EN methods on blood glucose levels (BGLs), with a secondary focus on their impact on the development of feeding intolerance.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This was a single-centre, prospective, randomised, controlled trial conducted in a tertiary-care adult ICU. After obtaining ethics committee approval and family consent, 93 patients with sepsis were and randomised into three groups: Bolus, intermittent, and continuous EN. BGLs were measured four times daily for 7 days. Outcomes evaluated included normoglycaemia (70\u2013180\u2005mg\/dL), hypoglycaemia (BGL &lt;70\u2005mg\/dL), hyperglycaemia (BGL &gt;180\u2005mg\/dL with insulin requirement), time to target calorie (TC; defined as the day when 75% of the calculated caloric value was reached), and feeding intolerance-high gastric residual volume (defined as gastric residual volume of \u2265250\u2009mL).\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Intermittent feeding was associated with more unfluctuated\/stable BGL within days and between days (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003, respectively). The bolus group had the highest risk and the intermittent group had the lowest risk of developing intolerance (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.014). The continuous feeding group had the highest insulin requirement (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.025). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of TC or requirement of dextrose administration (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.414 and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.579, respectively).\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In ICU patients with sepsis, intermittent feeding provided superior glycaemic control and reduced risk of developing intolerance compared to bolus or continuous methods. The confirmation of these findings necessitates larger studies encompassing a broader cohort of patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504251392606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T15:18:00Z","timestamp":1762269480000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Which is better for glycemic control? bolus, intermittent (nocturnal pause) or continuous enteral feeding in septic critically ill patients"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8197-0620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senay","family":"Goksu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Umraniye Education and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeliha","family":"Tuncel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Umraniye Education and Research Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/08850666241246748"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885066619843782"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.08.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"116","article-title":"Intermittent versus CF in critically ill adults","volume":"21","author":"Patel JJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel JJ, Rosenthal MD, Heyland DK. Intermittent versus CF in critically ill adults. 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Diabetes Care 2023; 46: S167\u2013S183."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","article-title":"Continuous feeding insulin injection (CFII): a new simple method to stabilize severe glucose variability and nutrition delivery in critically ill patients","volume":"17","author":"Ohshiro Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ohshiro Y. Continuous feeding insulin injection (CFII): a new simple method to stabilize severe glucose variability and nutrition delivery in critically ill patients. Cureus 2025; 17: e50512.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030664"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","article-title":"CONSORT 2025 Statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials","volume":"389","author":"Hopewell S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hopewell S, Chan AW, Collins GS, et al. CONSORT 2025 Statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. Br Med J 2025; 389: e081123. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40228833\/","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.10105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"563","article-title":"Enteral nutrition in critical patients; should the administration be continuous or intermittent?","volume":"29","author":"Tavares de Araujo VM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tavares de Araujo VM, Gomes PC, Caporossi C. Enteral nutrition in critical patients; should the administration be continuous or intermittent? Nutr Hosp 2014; 29: 563\u2013567.","journal-title":"Nutr Hosp"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-020-04431-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-020-0635-3"}],"container-title":["Science Progress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00368504251392606","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00368504251392606","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00368504251392606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:18:38Z","timestamp":1777634318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00368504251392606"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00368504251392606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00368504251392606","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8504","2047-7163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8504","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-7163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"article-number":"00368504251392606"}}