{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:41:29Z","timestamp":1777902089744,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 52106219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 52106219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, research on the effect of operating parameters and their optimization on the performance and cost-efficiency of NOx removal using active coke remains limited. Therefore, this study designs a simulation model using COMSOL software to analyze the denitrification process in a pipe packed with active coke particles. The effects of key operating parameters are investigated. The results indicate that, varying the temperature from 110\u00b0C to 150\u00b0C, the flow velocity from 3 to 5\u2005m\/s, the pipe length from 800 to 3000\u2005mm, or the inlet NO concentration from 0.02 to 0.04\u2005mol\/m\u00b3, affects the denitrification efficiency by 42.23%, 19.39%, 43.6%, and 3.54%, respectively. In contrast, increasing the pipe diameter from 50 to 80\u2005mm results in a negligible change of 0.41%, but directly increases the flue gas processing capacity from 0.0059 to 0.0151\u2005m\u00b3\/s. Additionally, a neural network-based predictive model is developed and trained using simulation results. A genetic algorithm is then applied to minimize operating costs and maintain effective denitrification. Key parameters, including temperature, flow velocity, and pipe length, are optimized, resulting in a reduction of operating costs by up to 25% while ensuring compliance with denitrification efficiency standards.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504251393083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T22:26:58Z","timestamp":1762468018000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multiparameter analysis and operating cost optimization for NO removal using active coke"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Electric Power University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9152-5838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huawei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Electric Power University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weiliang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North China Electric Power University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos13071016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2022.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2012.12.169"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.166108"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2025.125676"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(71)80040-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"Modern chemical technology and emission control","author":"Hocking MB","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hocking MB. Modern chemical technology and emission control. 2012 ed. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012.","edition":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2023.101457"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2014.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Current status and prospects of the application of industrial denitration technology","volume":"28","author":"Wang D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D, Li S, Yang S, et al. Current status and prospects of the application of industrial denitration technology. Sci Technol Chem Indus 2020; 28: 77\u201382.","journal-title":"Sci Technol Chem Indus"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joei.2016.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2025.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"5917","article-title":"Review on NO\u2093 removal with non-thermal plasma","volume":"20","author":"Yang J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang J, Yuan S, Shen B, et al. Review on NO\u2093 removal with non-thermal plasma. Sci Technol Eng 2020; 20: 5917\u20135925.","journal-title":"Sci Technol Eng"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Research progress in production and removal of nitric oxides","volume":"23","author":"Guan X","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guan X, Dong D, Ma P, et al. Research progress in production and removal of nitric oxides. J Qingdao Univ Technol 2002; 23: 35\u201340.","journal-title":"J Qingdao Univ Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Application and comparison of SCR, SNCR and SNCR\/SCR flue gas denitration technology","volume":"34","author":"Wang J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang J. Application and comparison of SCR, SNCR and SNCR\/SCR flue gas denitration technology. Electr Power Technol Environ Prot 2018; 34: 35\u201336.","journal-title":"Electr Power Technol Environ Prot"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.111964"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2024.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en17153660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","first-page":"1463","article-title":"Application status and economic analysis of active coke flue gas desulfurization technology","volume":"610","author":"Yang D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang D. Application status and economic analysis of active coke flue gas desulfurization technology. Adv Mat Res 2013; 610: 1463\u20131468.","journal-title":"Adv Mat Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.13642"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"Liu FQ. A low-cost activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification device. Patent CN201720394646.1 CN 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","unstructured":"Chen HF Feng ZH Chen HW et al. A low-cost device for activated carbon desulfurization and denitrification. Patent CN201921466788.X CN 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","first-page":"246","article-title":"Catalyst volume design in SCR denitification system based on genetic algorithm optimized BP neural network","volume":"40","author":"Tang S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tang S, Lu Q, Qu Y, et al. Catalyst volume design in SCR denitification system based on genetic algorithm optimized BP neural network. Power Generat Technol 2019; 40: 246\u2013252.","journal-title":"Power Generat Technol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","first-page":"778","article-title":"Application of neural network predictive control in SCR flue gas denitration system","volume":"38","author":"Meng F","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meng F, Xu B, Lu X, et al. Application of neural network predictive control in SCR flue gas denitration system. J Northeastern Univ (Nat Sci) 2017; 38: 778.","journal-title":"J Northeastern Univ (Nat Sci)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"4905","article-title":"Study on multi-objective optimal control of SCR denitrification system","volume":"41","author":"Yang T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang T, Bai Y, Lu Y, et al. Study on multi-objective optimal control of SCR denitrification system. Proc CSEE 2021; 41: 4905\u20134911.","journal-title":"Proc CSEE"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","first-page":"4873","article-title":"Recent progress on elimination of NOx from flue gas via SCR technology under ultra-low temperatures (<150\u00b0C)","volume":"71","author":"Tang C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang C, Sun J, Dong L. Recent progress on elimination of NOx from flue gas via SCR technology under ultra-low temperatures (<150\u00b0C). CIESC J 2020; 71: 4873\u20134884.","journal-title":"CIESC J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016670217673"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","unstructured":"Wen QB. Preparation of catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NOx at low temperature and its numerical simulation. MA Thesis Hunan University CN 2012. https:\/\/kns.cnki.net\/kcms2\/article\/abstract?v=w3MPIJRjtYFQ6pKBXfej0NTtqamJuZhSjmpFb16WN32DT5 owbLCI5l069YWHndAGr6MITNx00oAP95VHqGRoqpo77t6_GX_xjGiFNv8ee4BK wUExY7ghvbd4xhiYDBjrOmZjISDChw4LTV7UZ8255du8Soy5a_3wMF7haHKSdF8fm-W6sLsUhg==&uniplatform=NZKPT&language=CHS."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7666\/d.D01302508"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","volume-title":"COMSOL multiphysics engineering practice and theoretical simulation: multiphysics numerical analysis technology","author":"Wang G","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang G, An L. COMSOL multiphysics engineering practice and theoretical simulation: multiphysics numerical analysis technology. Beijing: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advancement and engineering application of flue gas denitrification technology by using selective catalytic reduction method","volume":"33","author":"Zhang Q","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Xu S, Wang Z. Advancement and engineering application of flue gas denitrification technology by using selective catalytic reduction method. Therm Power Generat 2004; 33: 1\u20136.","journal-title":"Therm Power Generat"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","unstructured":"Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China. Pipe work components\u2014Definition and selection of nominal size www.ndls.org.cn\/standard\/detail\/582e5c74f872c2db276f6e204db301dd (2019 accessed 20 October 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.06.062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","volume-title":"Neural networks and applications using Matlab: fit data, classify patterns, cluster data and time series","author":"Abell L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abell L. Neural networks and applications using Matlab: fit data, classify patterns, cluster data and time series. North Charleston, SC, United States: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137906"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The MATLAB genetic algorithm toolboxIEE colloquium on applied control techniques using MATLAB","author":"Chipperfield A","unstructured":"Chipperfield A, Fleming P. The MATLAB genetic algorithm toolbox. In: IEE colloquium on applied control techniques using MATLAB, London, UK, 1 October\u20134 October 1995, paper no. 1995\/014. London: IET, pp.1\u201310."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimization of function by using a new MATLAB based genetic algorithm procedure","volume":"61","author":"Purohit G","year":"2013","unstructured":"Purohit G, Sherry A, Saraswat M. Optimization of function by using a new MATLAB based genetic algorithm procedure. Int J Comput Appl 2013; 61: 1\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Comput Appl"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","first-page":"28","article-title":"Genetic-algorithm programming environments","volume":"27","author":"Ribeiro Filho J","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ribeiro Filho J, Treleaven P, Alippi C. Genetic-algorithm programming environments. Computer (Long Beach Calif) 1994; 27: 28\u201343.","journal-title":"Computer (Long Beach Calif)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.09.111"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuproc.2014.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-93943-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-25859-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135613"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7666\/d.D01071672"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","first-page":"122","article-title":"A SCR denitration system modeling method based on co-simulation of aspen plus and MATLAB","volume":"37","author":"Liu Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu Y, Lyu Y, Wei W, et al. A SCR denitration system modeling method based on co-simulation of aspen plus and MATLAB. J Eng Therm Energy Power 2022; 37: 122\u2013130.","journal-title":"J Eng Therm Energy Power"}],"container-title":["Science Progress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00368504251393083","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00368504251393083","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00368504251393083","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:18:41Z","timestamp":1777634321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00368504251393083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00368504251393083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00368504251393083","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8504","2047-7163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8504","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-7163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"article-number":"00368504251393083"}}