{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:57:37Z","timestamp":1792270657654,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key R&D Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024YFC3013805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC3013805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52474276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52474276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0384"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0384"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    To reveal the mechanical response and energy conversion mechanism of deep gas-bearing layered coal under impact loads, coal samples from a gas outburst mine in Gansu Province were taken as the research object. Based on a three-dimensional combined dynamic-static load testing system, impact tests were conducted on coal samples with different bedding angles \u03b2 (0\u00b0, 30\u00b0, 45\u00b0, 60\u00b0, and 90\u00b0) under a gas pressure of 0.8\u2005MPa. A preset axial static load of 2\u2005MPa and confining pressure of 4\u2005MPa were applied, followed by loading with an impact pressure of 0.6\u2005MPa. The stress\u2013strain curves, mechanical parameters, failure modes, and energy evolution laws were analyzed. The results show that the peak strength presents a U-shaped distribution with the change of bedding angle: it reaches the highest values at 0\u00b0 (160.41\u2005MPa) and 90\u00b0 (164.66\u2005MPa), and the lowest at 45\u00b0 (124.96\u2005MPa). This is because the shear stress concentration effect on the bedding plane is the strongest at 45\u00b0, making it easy for cracks to propagate along the bedding. The peak strain also shows a U-shaped trend, reaching 0.03 at 90\u00b0and stabilizing at 0.026 at 30\u00b0and 45\u00b0, which reflects the differences in the deformation mechanisms of coal samples under different angles. In terms of energy evolution, the total energy density (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">U<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and dissipated energy density (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      U\n                      <jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are higher and grow faster at 0\u00b0and 90\u00b0, while the elastic energy density (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      U\n                      <jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) shows obvious post-peak release only at 0\u00b0. In the range of 30\u00b0\u223c60\u00b0, the values of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">U<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      U\n                      <jats:sub>d<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    are low, and the release of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      U\n                      <jats:sub>e<\/jats:sub>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    is weak, which is consistent with the low energy consumption characteristics of shear failure along the bedding. The failure mode changes regularly with the bedding angle: multi-directional fragmentation at 0\u00b0, shear fragmentation along the bedding mainly at 30\u00b0\u223c45\u00b0 (the most severe fragmentation at 45\u00b0), and cross-bedding splitting failure at 90\u00b0. The study confirms that bedding angle regulates the mechanical properties and energy distribution of coal by changing the stress distribution and crack propagation path. The research results can provide key quantitative parameter support for the assessment and prevention of dynamic disasters in deep gas-bearing coal.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504251412988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T18:14:12Z","timestamp":1768932852000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Study on mechanical properties and energy evolution of gas-bearing coal with different bedding angles under impact loads"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group, Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"China Coal Research Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linchao","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group, Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, Chongqing, China"},{"name":"China Coal Technology and Engineering Group, Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan University of Engineering"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11771-023-5478-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12613-024-2906-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"24","article-title":"Study on the stress evolution law of surrounding rock and cooperative control technology in coal seam group mining[J]","volume":"52","author":"Wu SK","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu SK, Zhang JW, Xu YL. 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