{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:42:00Z","timestamp":1777902120565,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Health & Welfare","award":["RS-2021-KH109727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-KH109727"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To translate and culturally adapt the facial disability index (FDI) into Korean following established guidelines, and to evaluate its reliability and validity in patients with facial palsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The translation process followed Beaton's cross-cultural adaptation methodology, involving forward translation, back translation, expert committee review, and prefinal testing. This prospective cross-sectional observational validation study included 100 adult patients with facial palsy recruited from a facial palsy center between May and July 2021. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's \u03b1 for internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for test\u2013retest reliability (3-week interval). Construct validity was examined using Spearman's correlation between the Korean FDI and House\u2013Brackmann (HB) grade, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Synkinesis Assessment Questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The Korean FDI demonstrated acceptable internal consistency (total Cronbach's \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.783; physical function\u2009=\u20090.810; social\/well-being\u2009=\u20090.683). Test\u2013retest reliability showed ICC values of 0.762 for physical function and 0.645 for social\/well-being. The physical function subscale correlated moderately with HB grade (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u20130.461), whereas the social\/well-being subscale correlated strongly with SF-36 mental component summary scores (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.639). These findings were generally consistent with Turkish and Spanish validation studies, although ICC values were slightly lower, possibly due to the longer retest interval and inclusion of patients undergoing treatment.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Korean version of the FDI is a reliable and valid patient-reported tool for assessing functional and psychosocial outcomes in patients with facial palsy. Its use may enhance patient-centered treatment planning, monitor treatment responses, and facilitate standardized data collection in clinical research. Future studies should examine its responsiveness in larger and more diverse patient populations and explore its application in clinical trials or real-world studies of integrative treatment strategies. Embedding the Korean FDI within multidisciplinary care frameworks may further strengthen evidence for patient-centered management of facial palsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504261428981","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T21:28:25Z","timestamp":1772141305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Korean version of the facial disability index in patients with facial palsy"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Sang-Soo","family":"Nam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jee Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cha University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonhyuk","family":"Goo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung-Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Alternative Medicine, Korean Medical Center, Lusail, Qatar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mi-Riong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"In-Hyuk","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Medical Foundation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1532-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoon Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jaseng Medical Foundation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","article-title":"Acute peripheral facial palsy: recent guidelines and a systematic review of the literature","volume":"35","author":"Kim SJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim SJ, Lee HY. Acute peripheral facial palsy: recent guidelines and a systematic review of the literature. jkms 2020; 35: e245.","journal-title":"jkms"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/000164802760370736"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anl.2024.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/019459988509300202"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.2001.3559"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/76.12.1288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e3180412460"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00315125241284677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032773"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","article-title":"Facial disability index (FDI): adaptation to Spanish, reliability and validity","volume":"17","author":"Gonzalez-Cardero E","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gonzalez-Cardero E, Infante-Cossio P, Cayuela A, et al. Facial disability index (FDI): adaptation to Spanish, reliability and validity. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17: e1006.","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2019.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09638288.2020.1762768"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Testing the validity of the Korean SF-36 health survey","volume":"28","author":"Nam B","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nam B. Testing the validity of the Korean SF-36 health survey. J Korean Soc Health Stat 2003; 28: 3\u201324.","journal-title":"J Korean Soc Health Stat"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"RAND Corporation. 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36): terms of use. https:\/\/www.rand.org\/health\/surveys\/mos\/36-item-short-form\/terms.html (accessed 6 February 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lio2.1168"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","volume-title":"Foundations of behavioral research","author":"Kerlinger FN","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kerlinger FN, Lee H. Foundations of behavioral research. 4th ed. USA: Wadsworth Thompson Learning, 2000.","edition":"4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences","author":"Hinkle DE","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hinkle DE, Wiersma W, Jurs SG. Applied statistics for the behavioral sciences, 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.","edition":"5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0893-5_6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-014-0176-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0b013e3182414641"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23790"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.20868"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56986\/pim.2023.10.007"}],"container-title":["Science Progress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00368504261428981","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00368504261428981","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00368504261428981","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:20:14Z","timestamp":1777634414000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00368504261428981"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00368504261428981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00368504261428981","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8504","2047-7163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8504","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-7163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"00368504261428981"}}