{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:42:08Z","timestamp":1777902128554,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evaluate a low-urapidil protocol (30 \u00b5g\/kg bolus + 20 \u00b5g\/kg\/h infusion) on oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and matrix metalloproteinase\u22129 (MMP-9)-mediated matrix remodeling in a rat renal ischemia-reperfusion (I\/R) injury model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>32 male Wistar rats were randomized into control (CR), sham (SH), I\/R, and I\/R + Urapidil (UR) groups. The CR group received no treatment, the SH group underwent laparotomy and intraperitoneal normal saline, the I\/R group underwent laparotomy with 30-min of aortic clamping and 24 h of reperfusion, and the UR group received urapidil starting at 1 h before 30-min of aortic clamping (ischemia), followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Assessments included serum creatinine\/urea, oxidative markers (total antioxidant status [TAS, total oxidant status [TOS]), inflammatory cytokines (tissue necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-\u03b1], interleukin [IL]-1\u03b2, IL-6, and MMP-9) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, renal histopathology (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and immunohistochemistry (H-scores for endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS], caspase-3, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, and MMP-9).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>I\/R significantly increased serum creatinine, urea, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and TOS, and depleted TAS, indicating severe injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Extensive tubular necrosis, vacuolization, and edema were also observed. Immunohistochemistry revealed elevated levels of eNOS, caspase-3, cytokines, and MMP-9. Urapidil pretreatment effectively normalized serum creatinine\/urea, restored TAS, reduced TOS and cytokines (TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6) to baseline, and markedly alleviated histopathological damage. Urapidil significantly suppressed I\/R-induced elevations in oxidative (eNOS), apoptotic (caspase-3), and inflammatory markers, and MMP-9 expression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Low-dose urapidil confers significant protection against renal I\/R injury by mitigating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and MMP-9-mediated matrix degradation. The efficacy at microgram doses highlights its potential as a clinically relevant nephroprotective agent.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504261438886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T13:43:33Z","timestamp":1774446213000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low-dose urapidil mitigates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibition and anti-inflammatory effects"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9929-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazen","family":"Sar\u0131ta\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aksaray University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Z\u00fclf\u00fckar Kadir","family":"Sar\u0131ta\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hasan Attila","family":"Keskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara Education and Training Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"G\u00f6r\u00fcc\u00fc \u00d6zbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aziz","family":"B\u00fclb\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuf","family":"Ko\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beyza G\u00fcl","family":"Erdo\u011fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Danac\u0131","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ba\u015fak","family":"Demireller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Afyon Kocatepe University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury; from pathophysiology to treatment","volume":"4","author":"Malek M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malek M, Nematbakhsh M. 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