{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:45:27Z","timestamp":1782852327025,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the technical performance and patient-ventilator synchronization of different invasive mechanical ventilators.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six ventilators were tested using the ASL5000 active lung simulator. Ventilators were categorized by air supply type: central (Dr\u00e4ger V600, Maquet Servo-u, Mindray SV800) and turbine-based (Savina 300, SV300, Resvent RS300). The measured parameters included tidal volume (VT), plateau pressure (Pplat), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), peak pressure (Ppeak), time to reach 90% of inspiratory pressure (T (90%)), triggering delay (DT), and leak compensation. Ventilators were evaluated in volume assist-control (V-A\/C), pressure assist-control (P-A\/C), and pressure support ventilation (PSV) modes under acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) conditions using ASL5000\u2122 lung simulator, with or without intentional leak (4.4 L\/min). For each ventilator under these different conditions, we analyzed pressurization accuracy, VT accuracy, inspiratory muscle effort, and response efficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The pressurization accuracy of ventilators with central air supply did not differ significantly from that of turbine-driven ventilators during V-A\/C and P-A\/C ventilation, irrespective of spontaneous breathing or air leakage. The mean absolute errors of target VT were 8.9% (V600), 10.3% (Servo-U), 14.4% (SV800), 4.6% (Savina300), 18.8% (SV300), and 19.9% (RS300), and ventilators with central air supply generally have better VT accuracy, except for Savina300 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.05). In V-A\/C with different triggers and leaks, Savina 300 showed comparable stability and accuracy to central air supply ventilators in the ARDS lung model. Significant differences in VT accuracy and PEEP were observed among ventilators (P&lt;0.05). During PSV, V600 and Servo-u exhibited shorter response efficiency than SV800 under identical simulated patient effort (P&lt;0.05), suggesting faster and easier patient support.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Savina 300 alone matched or exceeded central air supply models in pressurization and VT accuracy. In terms of inspiratory trigger performance, the V600 and Servo-u demonstrated better patient-ventilator synchrony than the SV800 under PSV mode.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504261444846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T18:32:16Z","timestamp":1777314736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The in-vitro performance of invasive mechanical ventilators in lung model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Xingshuo","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhou","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0274-5579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin Medical University General Hospital"},{"name":"Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","first-page":"535","article-title":"Indications for Invasive Conventional Mechanical Ventilation","volume":"1","author":"Bancalari E","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bancalari E, Cheifetz IM, Rehder KJ, et al. Indications for Invasive Conventional Mechanical Ventilation. Pediatric and Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation 2014; 1: 535\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-642-01219-8_18","journal-title":"Pediatric and Neonatal Mechanical Ventilation"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2024.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-2044-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","first-page":"658","volume-title":"Automatic Ventilation of the Lungs","author":"Riopelle LLA","year":"1960","unstructured":"Riopelle LLA. Automatic Ventilation of the Lungs. Mosby, 1960, vol 1, pp. 658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1960.tb62683.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","first-page":"302","volume-title":"Fundamentals of respiratory therapy","author":"Egan DF","year":"1973","unstructured":"Egan DF. Fundamentals of respiratory therapy. 2nd ed. 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