{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T20:46:03Z","timestamp":1782852363031,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although endoscope-assisted evacuation for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) may reduce recurrence rates, its adoption has been limited by a procedural learning curve that may affect operative efficiency and clinical outcomes. This study compared conventional burr-hole craniostomy with endoscope-assisted evacuation for symptomatic cSDH and evaluated the challenges of institutional implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed patients with symptomatic cSDH treated between 2023 and 2025. Patients in the treatment group underwent endoscopic-assisted hematoma evacuation, while those in the control group received conventional burr-hole craniostomy. Continuous variables were compared using Student\u2019s t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and categorical variables were analyzed using Fisher\u2019s exact or Chi-square tests. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of outcomes, with results reported as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was defined as a two-tailed p &lt; 0.05. All analyses were conducted using R software.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 110 patients were included (treatment group,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 60; control group,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 50). Patients in the treatment group were older (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.006), whereas baseline characteristics and clinical presentations were otherwise comparable between groups. Operative time was longer in the treatment group (123.8 \u00b1 45.2 vs. 104.3 \u00b1 42.0 minutes,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02). No significant differences were observed in postoperative Glasgow Coma Scale scores, modified Rankin Scale scores, complication or recurrence rates, length of hospital stay, or functional recovery. Operative time decreased with increasing surgeon experience in unilateral endoscopic cases, indicating the presence of a learning curve.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endoscope-assisted evacuation is a safe and effective alternative to conventional burr-hole craniostomy for cSDH, without increased complications or compromised clinical outcomes during institutional adoption.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504261456424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T09:38:18Z","timestamp":1779788298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Safety and feasibility of transitioning from conventional burr-hole craniostomy to endoscope-assisted evacuation for chronic subdural hematoma: A retrospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8250-0193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sing Soon","family":"Sam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University"},{"name":"Far Eastern Memorial Hospital"},{"name":"Kainan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu-Shan","family":"Jaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Che-Kuang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University"},{"name":"Far Eastern Memorial Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiing Foong","family":"Siow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University"},{"name":"Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyi Chun","family":"Yii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University"},{"name":"Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Taiwan University"},{"name":"Rehabilitation General Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000000255"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2016.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.540911"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.07.058"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.01.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","first-page":"101688","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes in atorvastatin therapy for chronic subdural hematoma: a national, observational real-world study in China, 2019-2024","volume":"63","author":"Liu T","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu T, Zhao Z, Wang J, et al. Characteristics and outcomes in atorvastatin therapy for chronic subdural hematoma: a national, observational real-world study in China, 2019-2024. 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[Experience using intracranial endoscopy in neurologic traumatology]. Vestn Khir Im I I Grek 1988; 140: 102\u2013108.","journal-title":"Vestn Khir Im I I Grek"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.06.023","article-title":"Endoscopic-assisted evacuation of subdural collections","volume":"16","author":"Mobbs R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mobbs R, Khong P. Endoscopic-assisted evacuation of subdural collections. 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