{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T21:50:00Z","timestamp":1793742600498,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effects and mechanisms of short-chain fatty acids on regulatory T cells (Treg cells) in spinal cord injury (SCI) using cell and animal experiments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixture of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) was used. In vitro, the optimal SCFAs concentration was determined by CCK-8 assay. The expression of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 was assessed by RT-qPCR and ELISA. IKK\u03b2, P65, and p-P65 levels were analyzed by Western blot. In vivo, the modified Allen\u2019s weight-drop method was used to establish a moderate contusion SCI model in SD rats. Animals were randomly divided into Sham, SCI, and SCFAs groups. Functional recovery was evaluated using BBB scoring, inclined plane test, and CatWalk analysis. Spinal cord pathology was examined by H&amp;E and Nissl staining. Tissue cytokine levels and Treg cell numbers were measured by ELISA and flow cytometry. Statistical comparisons were performed using one-way or two-way ANOVA with appropriate post-hoc tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In vitro, SCFAs at the working concentration (0.5 mM) did not compromise Treg cell viability (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05), while promoting IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 expression in SCI-derived Treg cells (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05). SCFAs significantly decreased IKK\u03b2 and p-P65 levels in SCI-derived Treg cells (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). In vivo, SCFAs supplementation improved inclined plane test angles and BBB scores from day 7 onwards (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). CatWalk analysis revealed decreased hindlimb base of support (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) and increased regularity index (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01). Histological examination showed reduced cavitation and improved neuronal morphology. SCFAs treatment elevated IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 levels (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) and increased Treg cell numbers (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SCFAs enhanced anti-inflammatory cytokine production by Treg cells and promoted motor recovery after SCI in association with reduced NF-\u03baB signaling activation, highlighting SCFAs as a potential therapeutic strategy for SCI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504261458033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T11:54:09Z","timestamp":1780487649000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Short-chain fatty acids modulate regulatory T cells via NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in a rat model of spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deshuang","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0868-6222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaohui","family":"Zong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"},{"name":"Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spinal cord injury: pathophysiology, treatment strategies, challenges, and future prospects","volume":"396","author":"Venkatesh K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Venkatesh K, Ghosh SK, Mullick M, et al. 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