{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:58:26Z","timestamp":1790747906090,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In this study, the corrosion behavior of hydroxyapatite (HA), hydroxyapatite-copper (HA-Cu), and hydroxyapatite-copper-collagen (HA-Cu-Col) nanocoatings electrochemically deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy was systematically investigated. For the hybrid coatings, collagen was incorporated via an immersion process followed by heat treatment at 80\u00b0C for 1 hour. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) confirmed the retention of the HA phase across all coatings, with Cu addition leading to co-precipitation of metallic Cu phases, evidenced by distinct peaks at 2\u03b8 angles of 34.3\u00b0, 42\u00b0, and 50.4\u00b0. Collagen integration, without forming new phases, resulted in a uniform organic-inorganic matrix and enhanced nanoscale porosity. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed that the HA coating exhibited a dense needle-like morphology with lengths of 1-5 \u03bcm and rod diameters of 200-500 nm, whereas HA-Cu displayed a granular-floret structure interspersed with 20-50 nm copper nanoparticles. The hybrid HA-Cu-Col coating formed a compact fibrous-floret network with nanoscale uniformity. Tafel polarization tests indicated the highest corrosion potential (E\n                    <jats:sub>corr<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) for HA-Cu-Col at +0.54 V vs. Ag\/AgCl reference electrode, while the lowest corrosion current density (I\n                    <jats:sub>corr<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) was achieved with HA at 0.027 \u00b5A\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , followed by HA-Cu-Col at 0.040 \u00b5A\/cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , confirming that the hybrid system maintains low corrosion kinetics while introducing stable passivation behavior. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data after 48 hours of immersion showed coating resistances (R\n                    <jats:sub>coat<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of 2885, 13268, and 12851 \u03a9.cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    for HA, HA-Cu, and HA-Cu-Col, respectively, whereas the highest charge transfer resistance (R\n                    <jats:sub>ct<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of 1078 k\u03a9.cm\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    was observed for HA-Cu-Col, indicating superior suppression of interfacial electrochemical reactions despite the moderate R\n                    <jats:sub>coat<\/jats:sub>\n                    value at extended immersion. Overall, the hybrid HA-Cu-Col nanocoating exhibited enhanced impedance behavior, suggesting improved barrier properties through higher charge transfer resistance, stable passive region formation (0.64-1.58 V), controlled ionic diffusion, and bio-inspired networking. Although initial open-circuit potential (OCP) fluctuations point to interfacial dynamics that warrant further long-term investigation, the coating remains a promising candidate for Ti implant applications in physiological environments.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504261462257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T07:22:31Z","timestamp":1785741751000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhanced corrosion resistance and electrochemical stability of hybrid HA-Cu-collagen nanocoatings on Ti-6Al-4V alloy in physiological environments"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Leyla","family":"Jalalvand","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Malayer University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8306-5069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Souri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malayer University"},{"name":"Malayer University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Shanaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malayer University"},{"name":"Malayer University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5961-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Naseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Malayer University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.07.067"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2025.114728"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202507548"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2009.02.086"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma13020263"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.1c00967"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2025.131414"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modeling flow behaviors and microstructure evolution of Ti55511 alloy during the double-stage hot deformation process utilizing machine learning algorithm","volume":"32","author":"Zhang S","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang S, Lin Y, Ling Y.-H, et al. 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