{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:21:02Z","timestamp":1783012862123,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical and Health Appropriate Technology Development and Promotion Application Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","award":["S2018093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S2018093"]}]},{"name":"Joint Project on Regional High-Incidence Diseases Research of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["2024GXNSFAA010322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GXNSFAA010322"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan of Qingxiu District, Nanning City","award":["2020016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020016"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study, based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), investigated the association between the serum albumin-to-globulin (A\/G) ratio and diabetic retinopathy (DR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from the NHANES 2001-2020 and included adult participants with diabetes who completed standardized questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory assessments. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between serum A\/G ratio and DR. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to assess potential nonlinear relationships. Subgroup and interaction analyses were conducted to examine the robustness of the results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the A\/G ratio.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 5,868 adult participants with diabetes, 1,268 had DR. After full adjustment, the results showed that a higher A\/G ratio was significantly associated with lower odds of DR [OR (95% CI): 0.66 (0.47,0.93)]. The association was linear (P for nonlinear = 0.276) and consistent across most subgroups, with a significant interaction for cardiovascular disease (P for interaction = 0.019). The A\/G ratio showed limited discriminatory ability for DR (AUC = 0.632).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A higher serum A\/G ratio is associated with lower odds of DR. The findings suggest that the serum A\/G ratio may reflect inflammatory and metabolic conditions associated with DR. Further prospective studies are needed to verify these findings and explore the underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504261464854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T19:41:42Z","timestamp":1782848502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between serum albumin-to-globulin ratio and diabetic retinopathy: A cross-sectional study based on the 2001-2020 NHANES database"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Huiyi","family":"Zuo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanzhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijia","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fulan","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9028-6857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minli","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2021.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","first-page":"2021","volume-title":"Idf diabetes atlas","author":"Magliano DJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Magliano DJ, Boyko EJ, Idfdates C, IDF Diabetes Atlas. 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