{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:58:38Z","timestamp":1790747918458,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024M763006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M763006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Medical Science and Technology Research-related joint construction project of Henan Province","award":["LHGJ20220343"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LHGJ20220343"]}]},{"name":"Henan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Youth Project","award":["252300420540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["252300420540"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201775"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201775"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The relationship between autoimmune diseases (ADs) and male reproductive health is easily neglected. Epidemiological studies indicated that multiple ADs may adversely affect male reproductive health. This study aimed to explore the causal relationship between ADs and erectile dysfunction (ED), abnormal spermatozoa, and sex hormones using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We selected 12 common ADs as exposures, with outcomes including ED, abnormal spermatozoa, and sex hormones. The selection of instrumental variables was based on summary statistics from European GWAS studies. A combination of multiple methods was performed for MR analysis of the above data, with the inverse-variance weighted method being the main method. We also conducted several sensitivity analyses to verify the reliability of the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) were associated with an increased risk of ED (IBD, OR: 1.101, 95% CI: 1.016-1.194, P = 0.019; CD, OR: 1.086, 95% CI: 1.012-1.165, P = 0.022). Asthma was positively causally related to abnormal spermatozoa (OR: 1.270, 95% CI: 1.045-1.545, P = 0.017), but negatively causally related to total testosterone (\u03b2: -0.042, 95% CI: -0.057 - -0.027, P &lt; 0.001). Detection of sensitivity analysis supported findings related to ED and abnormal spermatozoa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current genetic evidence suggested a potential causal effect of IBD and CD on the risk of ED. Furthermore, genetic liability to asthma was associated with abnormal spermatozoa and decreased total testosterone levels. Our results contributed to targeted prevention and management of these conditions, ultimately promoting male reproductive health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504261466825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T12:53:44Z","timestamp":1784206424000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between autoimmune diseases and male reproductive health: A mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2889-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taotao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yipiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the Third People\u2019s Hospital of Zhengzhou"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhankui","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","volume-title":"Developing sexual health programmes - A framework for action","author":"Organization WH","year":"2010","unstructured":"Organization WH. 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