{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T05:58:28Z","timestamp":1790747908620,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Department of Health of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","award":["Z-B20241347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Z-B20241347"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science funding","award":["2024GXNSFBA010228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GXNSFBA010228"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science funding","award":["2024GXNSFBA010064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GXNSFBA010064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA), a severe male reproductive disorder, has a complex pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify novel oxidative stress potential biomarkers for NOA using bioinformatics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Datasets GSE9210, GSE108886, and GSE45885 from the GEO database were used for training, while GSE145467 supported weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The limma package identified differentially expressed genes, cross-referenced with oxidative stress genes from GeneCards for drug prediction. Three machine learning algorithms identified potential hub genes, validated by GSE45887 and GSE216907. Advanced analyses focused on these hub genes, including regulatory networks and single-gene enrichment studies. qRT-PCR validated hub gene expression, and single-cell RNA sequencing (GSE149512 and GSE202647) explored cellular expression patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL1RN<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOSIP<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PDYN<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PRKCZ<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">UTRN<\/jats:italic>\n                      were potential NOA markers. qRT-PCR validation confirmed\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">IL1RN<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NOSIP<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">PRKCZ<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">UTRN<\/jats:italic>\n                      align with bioinformatic results. Single-cell analysis showed stage-specific dysregulation of these four genes in NOA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study broadens the spectrum of known NOA candidate biomarkers and enhances the comprehension of NOA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504261486987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T15:58:01Z","timestamp":1788883081000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring candidate biomarkers for nonobstructive azoospermia: A bioinformatics and machine learning approach"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Mingming","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center Liuzhou Hospital"},{"name":"Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The People\u2019s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengqi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center Liuzhou Hospital"},{"name":"Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjiang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center Liuzhou Hospital"},{"name":"Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiyou","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Women and Children\u2019s Medical Center Liuzhou Hospital"},{"name":"Liuzhou Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3872-7427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Eye Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02295-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2020.101479"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-019-1688-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32667-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0040026"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1226829"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12149"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2023.2176268"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.97958.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19414-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2022.104686"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12707"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12721"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15050539"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der132"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02878-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1514422"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-559"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13244"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_25_2","first-page":"D148","article-title":"miRTarBase 2020: updates to the experimentally validated microRNA-target interaction database","volume":"48","author":"Huang HY","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang HY, Lin YC, Li J, et al. miRTarBase 2020: updates to the experimentally validated microRNA-target interaction database. 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