{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:55:41Z","timestamp":1790996141231,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education and Gangwon State, Republic of Korea","award":["2026-ANCHOR-10-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026-ANCHOR-10-006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Science Progress"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate associations of non-invasive liver fibrosis indices with optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in Korean adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study used Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2019\u20132021. The analytic cohort included 5,830 adults contributing 10,814 eyes after excluding chronic liver disease, ocular disease, and missing or invalid laboratory or ocular data. Primary exposures were fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) and aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), standardized to z scores. Outcomes were corrected average RNFL thickness and average GCIPL thickness. Generalized estimating equation models accounted for inter-eye correlation and adjusted for demographic, ocular, cardiometabolic, and lifestyle covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Corrected average RNFL and GCIPL thickness decreased across FIB-4 categories. In fully adjusted models, higher FIB-4 was associated with thinner corrected average RNFL thickness (\u03b2=\u22120.438 \u00b5m; 95% CI, \u22120.679 to \u22120.197; P&lt;0.001), as was higher APRI (\u03b2=\u22120.270 \u00b5m; 95% CI, \u22120.461 to \u22120.078; P=0.006). GCIPL associations were weaker but nominally significant. After false discovery rate correction, only FIB-4 and APRI remained significantly associated with corrected average RNFL thickness. RNFL associations persisted after non-linear age adjustment and in survey-weighted participant-level analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher non-invasive liver fibrosis indices were associated with slightly thinner OCT-derived neuroretinal measurements, most robustly corrected average RNFL thickness. The small effect sizes support population-level epidemiologic interpretation rather than individual-level clinical use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00368504261492910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:46:21Z","timestamp":1790682381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between non-invasive liver fibrosis indices and neuroretinal thickness from a nationwide cross-sectional study in South Korea"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"109","author":[{"given":"Joon Yul","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangil Eye Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0890-8614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Keun","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangil Eye Hospital"},{"name":"Bright St. Mary Eye Clinic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00807-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.71530"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2026.106252"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.05.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21178"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50346"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0190621"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-022-02056-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-025-04136-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_12_2","article-title":"Liver fibrosis and retinal features in an older Mediterranean population: Results from the Salus in Apulia study","volume":"16","author":"Lampignano L","unstructured":"Lampignano L, Niro A, Castellana F, et al. Liver fibrosis and retinal features in an older Mediterranean population: Results from the Salus in Apulia study. Front Neurosci, 16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.1048375, Epub ahead of print 15 December 2022.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41043-025-00805-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt228"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000323"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2009.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2008.0034"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-5-26"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1825"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2021.0016"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_22_2","article-title":"Association between axial length and diabetic retinopathy in Korean adults with diabetes: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017\u20132021","volume":"26","author":"Choi JY","unstructured":"Choi JY, Lee CH, Jun S, et al. Association between axial length and diabetic retinopathy in Korean adults with diabetes: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017\u20132021. BMC Ophthalmol, 26. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-026-05294-7, Epub ahead of print 3 September 2026.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09286586.2026.2699400"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.34753"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07664-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.08.046"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1992.01080150079033"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09286586.2012.674614"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0235701","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235701","article-title":"Significant intraocular pressure associated with open-angle glaucoma: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011","volume":"15","author":"Kim KE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim KE, Kim JM, Lee J, et al. Significant intraocular pressure associated with open-angle glaucoma: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011. PLOS ONE 2020; 15: e0235701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0235701","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9103332"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50582-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2024.101478"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-026-01623-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00832-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-015-9607-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13071148"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00452"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000452"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-7962"},{"key":"e_1_3_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.70063"}],"container-title":["Science Progress"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00368504261492910","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00368504261492910","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00368504261492910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:20:27Z","timestamp":1790994027000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00368504261492910"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00368504261492910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00368504261492910","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-8504","2047-7163"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-8504","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-7163","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"article-number":"00368504261492910"}}