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In this narrative review, we critically synthesize current evidence on LLPS in Huntington\u2019s disease, Parkinson\u2019s disease, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, focusing on mutant huntingtin, \u03b1-synuclein, amyloid-\u03b2, tau, TDP-43, and FUS. We first outline the molecular principles\u2014including intrinsic disorder, multivalent interactions, and environmental sensitivity\u2014that govern their phase behavior. We then examine how dynamic condensates may, under specific cellular contexts, transition toward less reversible oligomeric, gel-like, or solid assemblies, integrating evidence from in vitro, cellular, and in vivo studies. Importantly, current evidence does not support LLPS as a universal or obligatory precursor of pathological aggregation; rather, its biological consequences appear to depend on condensate composition, material properties, subcellular localization, and proteostasis capacity, while direct demonstration of disease-relevant condensates in vivo remains limited. We further discuss whether aberrant LLPS represents a cause, consequence, or context-dependent component of neurodegeneration and highlight emerging strategies that modulate condensate formation, maturation, or clearance while preserving physiological functions. 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