{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:03:24Z","timestamp":1777899804108,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scott Med J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are anecdotal reports that men who wear (Scottish) kilts have better sperm quality and better fertility. But how much is true? Total sperm count and sperm concentration reflect semen quality and male reproductive potential. It has been proven that changes in the scrotal temperature affect spermatogenesis. We can at least affirm that clothing increases the scrotal temperature to an abnormal level that may have a negative effect on spermatogenesis. Thus, it seems plausible that men should wear skirts and avoid trousers, at least during the period during which they plan to conceive children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Analysis of literature concerning scrotal temperature and spermatogenesis and fertility. Wearing a Scottish kilt in a traditional (\u2018regimental\u2019) way may have clear health-related benefits. Kilt wearing likely produces an ideal physiological scrotal environment, which in turn helps maintain normal scrotal temperature, which is known to be beneficial for robust spermatogenesis and good sperm quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on literature on scrotal temperature, spermatogenesis and fertility, the hypothesis that men who regularly wear a kilt during the years in which they wish to procreate will, as a group, have significantly better rates of sperm quality and higher fertility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0036933012474600","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,22]],"date-time":"2013-04-22T14:43:37Z","timestamp":1366641817000},"page":"e1-e5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["\u2018Real men wear kilts\u2019.. The anecdotal evidence that wearing a Scottish kilt has influence on reproductive potential: how much is true?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"EJO","family":"Kompanje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Senior Researcher, Department of Intensive Care, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-24"},{"key":"bibr2-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.305.6854.609"},{"key":"bibr3-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108961"},{"key":"bibr4-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq085"},{"key":"bibr5-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.6.1437"},{"key":"bibr6-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1924.67.3.595"},{"key":"bibr7-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(65)90080-3"},{"key":"bibr8-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.1982.tb13510.x"},{"key":"bibr9-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.106.000646"},{"key":"bibr10-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1924.68.1.70"},{"key":"bibr11-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-28-5-780"},{"key":"bibr12-0036933012474600","first-page":"217","volume":"29","author":"Robinson D","year":"1967","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"bibr13-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(82)90575-1"},{"key":"bibr14-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1995.tb00400.x"},{"key":"bibr15-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0890-6238(90)90063-2"},{"key":"bibr16-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh697"},{"key":"bibr17-0036933012474600","first-page":"81","volume":"3","author":"Setchell BP","year":"2006","journal-title":"Anim Reprod"},{"key":"bibr18-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.83.4.364"},{"key":"bibr19-0036933012474600","volume-title":"The kilt. A manual of Scottish national dress","author":"Douglas LM","year":"1914"},{"key":"bibr20-0036933012474600","unstructured":"Fry CI. \u2018Built for the kilt: gendered constructions of what \u2018real men\u2019 wear.\u2019 In:\n                      King power: designing masculinities symposium\n                      , Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology Fashion Program and the Frances Burke Centre in collaboration with RMIT Gallery, Melbourne, Australia, 16\u201317 August 2007. http:\/\/mams.rmit.edu.au\/arrytfbyuuwy.pdf."},{"key":"bibr21-0036933012474600","unstructured":"Markijohn AC. \u2018\n                      Wet, dirty women\u2019 and \u2018Men without pants\u2019: the performance of gender at the American renaissance festival\n                      . Thesis Bowling Green State University, 2009."},{"key":"bibr22-0036933012474600","unstructured":"Munroe CM.\n                      From highlander to hard man: representations of Scottish masculinity in 1990\u2019s cinema\n                      . Unpublished Masters Thesis, York University, Ontario, 2000."},{"key":"bibr23-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brunton TL. Disorders of digestion: their consequences and treatment.\n                      BMJ\n                      1885: 314\u2013317.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.1259.314"},{"key":"bibr24-0036933012474600","volume-title":"The Scottish Ga\u00ebl: or, Celtic manners, as preserved among the Highlanders: being an historical and descriptive account of the inhabitants, antiquities, and national peculiarities of Scotland","volume":"1","author":"Logan J","year":"1831"},{"key":"bibr25-0036933012474600","volume-title":"Popular tales of the west Highlands orally collected","author":"Campbell JF","year":"1862"},{"key":"bibr26-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4428.704-a"},{"key":"bibr27-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5072.710-b"},{"key":"bibr28-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7029.467"},{"key":"bibr29-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.106.000729"},{"key":"bibr30-0036933012474600","unstructured":"Taylor A. What does the kilt mean in 2010? Herald Scotland, 25 January 2010."},{"key":"bibr31-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)53832-1"},{"key":"bibr32-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.1993.tb01179.x"},{"key":"bibr33-0036933012474600","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105309342299"}],"container-title":["Scottish Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0036933012474600","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0036933012474600","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0036933012474600","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:15:00Z","timestamp":1777630500000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0036933012474600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0036933012474600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0036933012474600","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-9330","2045-6441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-9330","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-6441","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}}}