{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:03:22Z","timestamp":1777899802126,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scott Med J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prostate cancer is the commonest cancer in men and a major health issue worldwide. Screening for early disease has been available for many years, but there is still no national screening programme established in the United Kingdom.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the latest evidence regarding prostate cancer screening and whether it meets the necessary requirements to be established as a national programme for all men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Electronic databases and library catalogues were searched electronically and manual retrieval was performed. Only primary research results were used for the analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In recent years, several important randomised controlled trials have produced varied outcomes. In Europe the largest study thus far concluded that screening reduced prostate cancer mortality by 20%. On the contrary, a large American trial found no reduction in mortality after 7\u201310 years follow-up. Most studies comment on the adverse effects of screening \u2013 principally those of overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Further information about the natural history of prostate cancer and accuracy of screening is needed before a screening programme can be truly justified. In the interim, doctors and patients should discuss the risks, benefits and sequelae of taking part in voluntary screening for prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0036933013482631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,31]],"date-time":"2013-05-31T11:56:31Z","timestamp":1370001391000},"page":"64-68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["There are calls for a national screening programme for prostate cancer: what is the evidence to justify such a national screening programme?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Honorary Research Fellow, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Tait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speciality Registrar, Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O","family":"Aboumarzouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speciality Registrar, Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"BK","family":"Somani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Speciality Registrar, Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NP","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Urologist, Department of Urology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0036933013482631","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.55.2.74"},{"key":"bibr2-0036933013482631","unstructured":"SIGN. SIGN 50: A guideline developer's handbook\u2009-\u2009Annex C: Methodology Checklist 2: Randomised controlled trials [Internet]. Retrieved from www.sign.ac.uk\/guidelines\/fulltext\/50\/checklist2.html (2004, accessed 26 November 2009)."},{"key":"bibr3-0036933013482631","unstructured":"Wilson J and Jungner G.\n                      Principles and practice of screening for disease.\n                      Public Health Paper Number 34. Geneva: WHO, 1968."},{"key":"bibr4-0036933013482631","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyle P and Ferlay J. Cancer incidence and mortality in Europe 2004.\n                      Ann Oncol\n                      2005; 16: 481\u2013488, Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/15718248.","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdi098"},{"key":"bibr5-0036933013482631","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta1020"},{"key":"bibr6-0036933013482631","unstructured":"American Cancer Society. 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Oncology (Williston Park, NY). 2000; 14: 267\u2013272, 277\u2013278, 280 passim."},{"key":"bibr9-0036933013482631","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.09.002"},{"key":"bibr10-0036933013482631","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910615)67:12<2949::AID-CNCR2820671202>3.0.CO;2-X"},{"key":"bibr11-0036933013482631","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0045(19990201)38:2<83::AID-PROS1>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"bibr12-0036933013482631","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810084"},{"key":"bibr13-0036933013482631","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810696"},{"key":"bibr14-0036933013482631","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-2709"},{"key":"bibr15-0036933013482631","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.11.115"},{"key":"bibr16-0036933013482631","unstructured":"The UK NSC policy on Prostate cancer screening\/PSA testing in men over the age of 50. 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