{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:06:07Z","timestamp":1777899967590,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scott Med J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hypertension is associated with an increased risk of severe outcomes with COVID-19 disease. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are widely used as a first line medication for the treatment of hypertension in the UK, although their use was suggested in early reports to increase the risk associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective cohort study of hospitalised patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 was conducted across three hospital sites with patients identified on the 9th April 2020. Demographic and other baseline data were extracted from electronic case records, and patients grouped depending on ACE inhibitor usage or not. The 60-day all-cause mortality and need for intubation compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 173 patients identified, 88 (50.8%) had hypertension. Of these 27 (30.7%) used ACE inhibitors. We did not find significant differences in 60-day all-cause mortality, the requirement for invasive ventilation or length of stay between our patient cohorts after adjusting for covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study contributes to the growing evidence supporting the continued use of ACE inhibitors in COVID-19 disease, although adequately powered randomised controlled trials will be needed to confirm effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0036933020951926","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,2]],"date-time":"2020-09-02T00:58:51Z","timestamp":1599008331000},"page":"149-153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors do not increase the risk of poor outcomes in COVID-19 disease. A multi-centre observational study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8304-5970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khurram Shahzad","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ST6 in General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Hairmyres, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8291-0777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamish","family":"Reed-Embleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FY1 in General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Hairmyres, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Associate \/ Medical Statistician, Medical Statistics\/Design, Trials & Statistics, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Bain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ST6 in General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Hairmyres, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ST6 in General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Hairmyres, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0036933020951926","unstructured":"The Scottish Government. Coronavirus (COVID-19): daily data for Scotland, www.gov.scot\/publications\/coronavirus-covid-19-daily-data-for-scotland\/ (accessed 10 June 2020)."},{"key":"bibr2-0036933020951926","author":"Docherty AB","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"bibr3-0036933020951926","unstructured":"Giulia F. Characteristics of COVID-19 patients dying in Italy, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0. Online report, https:\/\/www.epicentro.iss.it\/en\/coronavirus\/sars-cov-2-analysis-of-deaths."},{"key":"bibr4-0036933020951926","first-page":"1","volume":"10022","author":"Richardson S","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"bibr5-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"bibr6-0036933020951926","first-page":"26","volume":"1","author":"Brown L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scottish Gov"},{"key":"bibr7-0036933020951926","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Recommendations | Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management | Guidance | NICE. NICE Guidance, www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng136\/chapter\/Recommendations#ftn.footnote_3 (2019, accessed 6 May 2020)."},{"key":"bibr8-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25785"},{"key":"bibr9-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15082"},{"key":"bibr10-0036933020951926","unstructured":"de Simone G. Position statement of the ESC Council on Hypertension on ACE-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers. Esc, www.escardio.org\/Councils\/Council-on-Hypertension-(CHT)\/News\/position-statement-of-the-esc-council-on-hypertension-on-ace-inhibitors-and-ang (2020, accessed 7 August 2020)."},{"key":"bibr11-0036933020951926","unstructured":"Key messages. COVID-19 rapid evidence summary: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in people with or at risk of COVID-19 | Advice | NICE, www.nice.org.uk\/advice\/es24\/chapter\/Key-messages (accessed 9 June 2020)."},{"key":"bibr12-0036933020951926","unstructured":"The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation 2020. The Scottish Government, pp. 1\u201311, https:\/\/www.gov.scot\/publications\/scottish-index-multiple-deprivation-2020\/"},{"key":"bibr13-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.03.012"},{"key":"bibr14-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0360-5"},{"key":"bibr15-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr2005760"},{"key":"bibr16-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1286"},{"key":"bibr17-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.016509"},{"key":"bibr18-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa106"},{"key":"bibr19-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03712"},{"key":"bibr20-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.57278"},{"key":"bibr21-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-019-0289-7"},{"key":"bibr22-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1267"},{"key":"bibr23-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khera R, Clark C, Lu Y, et\u00a0al. Association of Angiotensin-Converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers with the risk of hospitalization and death in hypertensive patients with coronavirus disease-19.\n                      medRxiv\u202f\n                      . Epub ahead of print 19 May 2020. DOI: 10.1101\/2020.05.17.20104943","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018086"},{"key":"bibr24-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.14582"},{"key":"bibr25-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1746200"},{"key":"bibr26-0036933020951926","unstructured":"Peng YD, Meng K, Guan HQ, et al. \nClinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV.\n                      Zhonghua xin xue guan bing za zhi\n                      2020; 48: 450\u2013455. DOI:10.3760\/cma.j.cn112148-20200220-00105."},{"key":"bibr27-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2021225"},{"key":"bibr28-0036933020951926","volume":"126","author":"Zhang P","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"bibr29-0036933020951926","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyu238"}],"container-title":["Scottish Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0036933020951926","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0036933020951926","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0036933020951926","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T10:19:34Z","timestamp":1777630774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0036933020951926"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0036933020951926"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0036933020951926","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-9330","2045-6441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-9330","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-6441","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]}}}