{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T23:29:16Z","timestamp":1786663756256,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scott Med J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine associations between systemic inflammation, sex hormones, and vitamin D levels in U.S. women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted using NHANES 2021\u20132023 data from 3179 women aged 18\u201380 years. Participants were grouped by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) quartiles. Demographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, dietary, and clinical variables were analyzed. Serum biomarkers included hs-CRP, sex hormones, lipid parameters, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3). Multivariable linear regression assessed independent associations between hs-CRP and endocrine markers after adjustment for confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women in the highest hs-CRP quartile had higher age, body weight, waist circumference, body mass index, and prevalence of hypertension and diabetes than those in the lowest quartile. Higher hs-CRP levels were associated with lower concentrations of 17\u03b1-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex hormone-binding globulin, and 25OHD3. After adjustment, hs-CRP remained positively associated with AMH (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.212,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007), estrone (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.142,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.241,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), and total cholesterol (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.224,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and inversely associated with FSH (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.194,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039) and luteinizing hormone (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.191,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.019).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic inflammation was associated with reproductive hormones and lipid profiles, while many associations weakened after adjustment for adiposity. These findings highlight complex links between inflammation, endocrine function, and cardiometabolic health, influenced by obesity-related factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00369330261457769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:11:02Z","timestamp":1780737062000},"page":"92-101","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association of inflammation with sex hormones and vitamin D in women: Findings from NHANES (2021\u20132023)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"71","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2286-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Abu-Zaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Alfaisal University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Baradwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba M","family":"Adly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saleh A K","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Batterjee Medical College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saud Owaimer","family":"Alsehaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedayah","family":"Albelwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Tabuk University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad M S","family":"Alqarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King Faisal Armed Forces Hospital, Khamis Mushait, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Ziad","family":"Jamjoom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5539-3820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safa","family":"Alabdrabalamir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohannad","family":"Alsabban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Nazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osama","family":"Alomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail A","family":"Al-Badawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2022.100452"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23208"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14040909"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jwh.2015.5529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52225\/narra.v4i2.626"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2021.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1902"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804381"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3062319"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12091299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","article-title":"Vitamin D and immune regulation: antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory","volume":"5","author":"Bishop EL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bishop EL, Ismailova A, Dimeloe S, et al. 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