{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T12:35:22Z","timestamp":1792931722253,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Scott Med J"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scottish medical school cohorts have rapidly grown over the last decade, while theatre capacity has not. Simultaneously, surgical technology has advanced, expanding learning needs. We reviewed and redesigned the fourth-year surgical curriculum to address this, implementing an undergraduate surgical-simulation programme incorporating basic, laparoscopic, robotic and endoscopic skills into one curriculum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kern's six-step approach structured the redesign, adding live-links to robotic theatre, endoscopic simulation and an end-of-block consolidation session. The programme was delivered to 44 fourth-year students who were invited to complete an end-of-block questionnaire. Data were analysed descriptively, and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed on paired samples.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventeen of 44 students responded; 88% (15 out of 17) felt well or very well prepared to assist in theatre after the consolidation session. In total, 53% (9 out of 17) rated the simulation the most valuable part of the block, above time in theatre. Respondents rated the simulation higher than the overall block (median 94% vs. 80%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We are not aware of another undergraduate surgical curriculum integrating laparoscopic, robotic and endoscopic simulation. Upon completion, responding students reported a high perceived educational value and finished the sessions feeling prepared to assist in theatre. The model may suit other institutions facing similar pressures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/00369330261501646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:43:55Z","timestamp":1792673035000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modernising undergraduate surgical education: Development and early evaluation of an integrated surgical simulation curriculum"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2236-3936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lewis","family":"Blenkinsop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5041-1869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gill","family":"Keith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ross","family":"Dolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"British Medical Association. Beyond capacity: The impact of increased medical student intake in Scotland. British Medical Association https:\/\/bmascotland.home.blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/beyond-capacity_final-9-march-2026.pdf (2026 accessed 25 September 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","volume-title":"Practical skills and procedures","author":"General Medical Council","year":"2023","unstructured":"General Medical Council. Practical skills and procedures. General Medical Council, 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","article-title":"Surgical experiences of final-year undergraduates and the impact on their career aspiration stratified by sex\/gender","volume":"41","author":"Homberg A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Homberg A, Narci\u00df E, Obertacke U, et\u00a0al. Surgical experiences of final-year undergraduates and the impact on their career aspiration stratified by sex\/gender. GMS J Med Educ 2024; 41: Doc28.","journal-title":"GMS J Med Educ"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xjon.2021.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hsr.2022.100048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2020.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12909-025-08461-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-025-02667-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2022.09.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","volume-title":"Core surgical training curriculum. Version 3","author":"Mutimer J","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mutimer J, Ho M. Core surgical training curriculum. Version 3. Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme, 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56021\/9781421444116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"Outcomes for graduates","author":"General Medical Council","year":"2020","unstructured":"General Medical Council. Outcomes for graduates. General Medical Council, 2020."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","unstructured":"Bhatti F Hargest R Lees V et\u00a0al. National undergraduate curriculum in surgery. Royal College of Surgeons of England 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00369330251359482"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Royal College of Surgeons of England. Intercollegiate basic surgical skills course programme. Royal College of Surgeons of England https:\/\/www.rcseng.ac.uk\/-\/media\/files\/rcs\/education-and-exams\/courses\/course-programmes\/bss-template-programme.pdf (2015 accessed 16 September 2026)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11701-026-03354-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmig.2021.09.253"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aju.2013.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2923.2003.01583.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5116\/ijme.5ca7.afd1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2024.109050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/asj-21-41"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481107700928"}],"container-title":["Scottish Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00369330261501646","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/00369330261501646","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/00369330261501646","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T12:20:51Z","timestamp":1792930851000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/00369330261501646"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/00369330261501646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00369330261501646","relation":{},"ISSN":["0036-9330","2045-6441"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0036-9330","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-6441","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"article-number":"00369330261501646"}}