{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:39:28Z","timestamp":1777901968974,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]],"date-time":"2000-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":946684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>A new agent-based model is presented of the investiga tion of collective behavior with a large number of deci sion makers operating in a stochastic environment. (An agent is an entity that interacts with and contributes to its environment. A set of agents can be a simplified representation of a society.) The model has three distinc tive new features: the number of agents in the model is theoretically unlimited; the agents have various distinct user-defined \"personalities;\" and the agents are described as combinations of cellular and stochastic learning au tomata. The combination of different personalities with stochastic learning makes it possible to simulate human- like behavior in social situations when each group mem ber must choose between maximizing selfish interests or collective interests. Our model is a framework to per form various simulated social experiments and assess the propagation of information and human influence in large-scale conflicting environments, e.g., to simulate realistic multi-person social dilemmas. We have devel oped a computational tool to implement this model. This is a powerful tool for investigating group dynamics that is also an advance in nonlinear dynamic system simu lation. It may lead to the discovery of a number of fac tors influencing human collective behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/003754970007400101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,29]],"date-time":"2008-03-29T13:23:43Z","timestamp":1206797023000},"page":"4-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A Tool for Simulated Social Experiments"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Miklos N.","family":"Szilagyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zoltan C.","family":"Szilagyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Social Dilemmas: Theoretical Issues and Research Findings","author":"Liebrand, W.B.G.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Social Dilemmas","author":"Komorita, S.S.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-78860-4"},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9798216986607","volume-title":"Social Dilemmas: Perspectives on Individuals and Groups","author":"Schroeder, D.A.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.so.19.080193.001415"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"The Evolution of Cooperation","author":"Axelrod, R.","year":"1984"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.1990.9990063"},{"key":"atypb8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2096252"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/089443939201000101"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0022250X.1993.9990112"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/359826a0"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloyd, A.L. \"Computing Bouts of the Prisoner's Dilemma.\" Scientific American, Vol. 272, No. 6, pp 110-115, 1995.","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0695-110"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/3374.001.0001"},{"key":"atypb14","volume-title":"CellularAutomata and Complexity","author":"Wolfram, S.","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Regular Algebra and Finite Machines","author":"Conway, J.","year":"1971"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beardsley, T. \"Agent Angst.\" Scientific American, Vol. 276, No. 2, pg 16,1997.","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0297-16b"},{"key":"atypb17","volume":"7","author":"Koselka, R.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Forbes"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Learning Automata (An Introduction)","author":"Narendra, K.S.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002200277301700302"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.31.020180.001125"},{"key":"atypb21","volume":"15","author":"Szilagyi, M.N.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Systems Research and Behavioral Science"},{"key":"atypb22","author":"Szilagyi, M.N.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003754970007400101","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/003754970007400101","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:15:34Z","timestamp":1777634134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/003754970007400101"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/003754970007400101"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/003754970007400101","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]}}}