{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T13:06:32Z","timestamp":1781787992706,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]],"date-time":"2001-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":980985600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Many optimization problems in various fields have been solved using diverse optimization al gorithms. Traditional optimization techniques such as linear programming (LP), non-linear programming (NLP), and dynamic program ming (DP) have had major roles in solving these problems. However, their drawbacks generate demand for other types of algorithms, such as heuristic optimization approaches (simulated annealing, tabu search, and evolutionary algo rithms). However, there are still some possibili ties of devising new heuristic algorithms based on analogies with natural or artificial phenom ena. A new heuristic algorithm, mimicking the improvisation of music players, has been devel oped and named Harmony Search (HS). The performance of the algorithm is illustrated with a traveling salesman problem (TSP), a specific academic optimization problem, and a least-cost pipe network design problem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/003754970107600201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,29]],"date-time":"2008-03-29T13:23:43Z","timestamp":1206797023000},"page":"60-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5151,"title":["A New Heuristic Optimization Algorithm: Harmony Search"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"76","author":[{"family":"Zong Woo Geem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea University, Seoul, South Korea 136-701"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Joong Hoon Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Korea University, Seoul, South Korea 136-701"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.V.","family":"Loganathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia 24061"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1699114"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-5915.1977.tb01074.x"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems","author":"Holland, J.H.","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimization and Machine Learning","author":"Goldberg, D.E.","year":"1989"},{"key":"atypb6","unstructured":"Schwefel, H.P. \"On the Evolution of Evolutionary Computation .\" In Computational Intelligence: Imitating Life, Zurada, J., Marks, R., and Robinson, C. 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