{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:40:29Z","timestamp":1777902029543,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]],"date-time":"2001-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1004572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper focuses on an experimental analysis of the perfor mance and scalability of cluster-based web servers. We carry out the comparative studies using two experimental platforms, namely, a hardware testbed consisting of sixteen PCs, and a trace-driven discrete-event simulator. Dispatcher and web server service times used in the simulator are determined by carrying out a set of experiments on the testbed. The simulator is validated against stochastic queuing models and the testbed. Experiments on the testbed are limited by the hardware configu ration, but our complementary approach allows us to carry out scalability studies on the validated simulator. The three dis patcher-based scheduling algorithms analyzed are: round robin scheduling, least connected based scheduling, and least loaded based scheduling. The least loaded algorithm is used as the baseline (upper performance bound) in our analysis and the performance metrics include average waiting time, average re sponse time, and average web server utilization. A synthetic trace generated by the workload generator called SURGE, and a public-domain France Football World Cup 1998 trace are used. We observe that the round robin algorithm performs much worse in comparison with the other two algorithms for low to medium workload. However, as the request arrival rate increases, the performance of the three algorithms converge with the least con nected algorithm approaching the baseline algorithm at a much faster rate than the round robin. The least connected algorithm performs well for medium to high workload. At very low load, the average waiting time is two to six times higher than the baseline algorithm but the absolute value between these two waiting times is very small.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/003754970107700504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,29]],"date-time":"2008-03-29T13:23:43Z","timestamp":1206797023000},"page":"185-195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Comparison of Load Balancing Strategies on Cluster-based Web Servers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"77","author":[{"family":"Yong Meng Teo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117543"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rassul","family":"Ayani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microelectronics and Information Technology Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) 164 40 Kista, Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 10th IEEE International Symposium on Parallel Processing","author":"Anderson, D."},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2nd Symposium on Operating System Design and Implementation","author":"Anderson, E."},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PCCC.2000.830297"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Generating Representative Web Workload for Network and Server Performance Evaluation,\" Technical Report 1997-006","author":"Barford, P.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bryhni, H., Klovning, E. and Kure, O. \"A Comparison of Load Balancing Techniques for Scalable Web Servers ,\" pp 58-63, IEEE Network, July\/August 2000.","DOI":"10.1109\/65.855480"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4236.769420"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Load Balancing Strategies on Cluster-based Web Servers,\" Project Report, Department of Computing Science, National University of Singapore","author":"Chen, T.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Cisco Local Director, http:\/\/www.cisco.com\/warp\/public\/cc\/pd\/cxsr\/400\/index.shtml."},{"key":"atypb9","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE COMPCON","author":"Dias, D.M."},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7552(97)00030-5"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Proceedings of IEEE Computing and Communications Conference","author":"Hu, Y."},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-7552(98)00088-9"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"IEEE GLOBECOM '97","author":"Iyengar, A."},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/2.471181"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Simulation Modeling and Analysis","author":"Law, A.M.","year":"2000","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Linux Virtual Server Project"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Workload Characterization of the 1998 World Cup Web Site","author":"Martin, A."},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Capacity Planning for Web Performance","author":"Menasce, D.A.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Network Behavior of a Busy Web Server and Its Clients,\" Research Report 95\/5","author":"Mogul, J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb20","volume-title":"Proceedings of ACM 8th International Conference Architectural Support for Prog. 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