{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:41:08Z","timestamp":1777902068174,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]],"date-time":"2002-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1014940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The enhancement of Transmission Control Protocol\u2019s (TCP\u2019s) congestion control mechanisms using Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks is overviewed. TCP\u2019s congestion control is enhanced so that congestion is indicated by not only packet losses as is currently the case but an agent implemented at the ATM network\u2019s edge as well. The novel idea uses EFCI (Explicit Forward Congestion Indication) bits (available in every ATM cell header) to generalize the ECN response to the UBR (Unspecified Bit Rate) service, notify congestion, and adjust the credit-based window size of the TCP. The authors\u2019 simulation experiments show that TCP ECN achieves significantly lower cell loss, packet retransmissions, and buffer utilization, and exhibits better throughput than (non-ECN) TCP Reno.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549702078003530","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,7,18]],"date-time":"2003-07-18T22:50:52Z","timestamp":1058568652000},"page":"196-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TCP Explicit Congestion Notification over ATM-UBR: A Simulation Study"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Djemame","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Networking Research Group, School of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Networking Research Group, School of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"TCP congestion control","author":"Allman, M.","year":"1991"},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"Proceedings of SIGCOMM \u201994","author":"Brakmo, L. 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