{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:41:33Z","timestamp":1777902093485,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Rapid advances in consumer electronics have led to the anomaly that consumer off-the-shelf gaming hardware and software provide better interactive graphics than military and other specialized systems costing orders of magnitude more. UTSAF (Unreal Tournament Semi-Automated Force) is bridging software written to take advantage of the power of gaming systems by allowing them to participate in distributed simulations with military simulators. UTSAF illustrates the use of multiagent technology to flexibly interconnect otherwise incompatible systems. This article describes an architectural approach for rapidly constructing middleware by taking advantage of built-in capabilities for processing, communication, and interoperation that a multiagent infrastructure provides. Several software agents based on Reusable Environment for Task-Structured Intelligent Networked Agents (RETSINAs) are used to support interoperability between military simulation nodes based on distributed interactive simulation and Unreal game simulators. Using a multiagent system, UTSAF can be expanded to support several network environments and interact with other agent-based software.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549704050907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,11]],"date-time":"2005-04-11T13:02:25Z","timestamp":1113224545000},"page":"647-657","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["UTSAF: A Multi-Agent-Based Software Bridge for Interoperability between                 Distributed Military and Commercial Gaming Simulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Phongsak","family":"Prasithsangaree","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Sciences and Telecommunications, University of                         Pittsburgh, 135 N. Bellefield Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Manojlovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Sciences and Telecommunications, University of                         Pittsburgh, 135 N. Bellefield Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Sciences and Telecommunications, University of                         Pittsburgh, 135 N. Bellefield Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Sciences and Telecommunications, University of                         Pittsburgh, 135 N. 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