{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T13:41:33Z","timestamp":1777902093525,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]],"date-time":"2004-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1101859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIMULATION"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The need for interoperability between different military simulation systems is growing fast, as the complexity of modern war fighting rises above the handling capacity of monolithic models. The development of consistent model federations has therefore become as important as the development of new (interoperable) models. However, complex military simulation systems belong to the class of model-based information systems, and the paramount aspects of such information systems are abstraction and idealization from reality. Experiments with the high-resolution combat simulation system, COSIMAC, and some modules implementing basic command and control functionality have shown that there are pressing challenges for coupling model-based information systems above the currently manageable levels. The results of this contribution indicate that technical, syntactic, and obvious semantic (lexicographic) coupling preconditions are not sufficient to guarantee a successful interaction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0037549704050997","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,11]],"date-time":"2005-04-11T13:02:25Z","timestamp":1113224545000},"page":"659-667","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Challenges of Model Interoperation in Military Simulations"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Marko A.","family":"Hofmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Technology of Intelligent Systems (ITIS) and Institute for                         Applied Systems, Science and Operations Research (IASFOR), University of the                         Federal Armed Forces, Munich, Heisenbergweg 39, Germany\u201485577                         Neubiberg,"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2003 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop","author":"Tolk, A."},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"JSB composability and Web services interoperability via Extensible Modeling & Simulation Framework (XMSF), Model Driven Architecture (MDA), component repositories, and Web-based visualization","author":"Brutzman, Don","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Conference on C3I and M&S Interoperability","author":"Zimmermann, B."},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511813313"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Pragmatics: An introduction","author":"Mey, Jacob L.","year":"1993"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Pragmatics-modularity-and-mindreading","author":"Sperper, D.","year":"2004"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"The semantics-pragmatics-distinction","author":"Bach, K.","year":"2003"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Linguistic communication and speech acts","author":"Bach, Kent","year":"1979"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"An on-line interview with Noam Chomsky: On the nature of pragmatics and                 related issues. 2003. Accessed from http:\/\/cogprints.soton.ac.uk\/documents\/disk0\/00\/00\/01\/26\/cog00000126-00\/chomsweb_399.html"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"Laborbetrieb IRIS","author":"Schwierz, K.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Hofmann, M. 2000. Zur Abbildung von F\u00fchrungsprozessen in                 hochaufl\u00f6senden Gefechtssimulationssystemen. Ph.D. diss.,                 Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen."},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Hofmann, H. W., T. Rochel, R. Schnurer, and A. Tolk. 1992.                 KOSMOS\u2014Ein Gefechtssimulationsmodell auf Korps-\/Armee-Ebene, Band 1:                 Beschreibung des Gefechtsmodells. IASFOR-Bericht S-9208, Universit\u00e4t der                 Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen, Neubiberg."},{"key":"atypb13","unstructured":"Hofmann, H. W., S. Litzbarski, T. Rochel, and K. Steiger. 1984.                 Basis\u2014Ein Gefechtsmodell auf Btl\/Rgt-Ebene, Band 1: Beschreibung des                 Gefechtsmodells. IASFOR-Bericht S-8401, Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr                 M\u00fcnchen, Neubiberg."},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2235-2"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Lecture notes in high resolution combat modelling and lecture notes in aggregated combat modelling","author":"Hartmann, J. K.","year":"1985"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"Multi resolution modeling","author":"Davis, P. K.","year":"1998"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"Variable resolution modeling: Issues, principles and challenges","author":"Davis, Paul K.","year":"1992"},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"Hofmann, H. W., M. Hofmann, and V. P\u00f6tzsch. 2003. Standardisierung                 der automatischen F\u00fchrungssimulation Heer. ITISBericht,                 Universit\u00e4t der Bundeswehr M\u00fcnchen, Neubiberg."},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"First International Conference on Grand Challenges for Modeling and Simulation","author":"Overstreet, C. M."}],"container-title":["SIMULATION"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549704050997","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0037549704050997","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:18:56Z","timestamp":1777634336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0037549704050997"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0037549704050997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0037549704050997","relation":{},"ISSN":["0037-5497","1741-3133"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0037-5497","type":"print"},{"value":"1741-3133","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}}}